Mordovian national holiday “Shumbrat! "Forward". Inzenskaya district newspaper of the Ulyanovsk region Seasonal rites of the Mordovians are associated with the labor activity of the people

Last weekend in the Petrovsky district of the Saratov region, the national holiday of Mordovian culture "Shumbrat, yalgat!" (this phrase is translated into Russian as "Hello, friends!"). The festival was held in the village of Orkino, located 80 km from Saratov. It is worth noting that a similar event was celebrated here 15 years ago.

Unfortunately, the potholes on the road leading from the highway to the village were still not patched up. LLC "Dorozhnik", which won the competition for the work, did not heed the recommendations of the "Road Control", which were given shortly before the festival. Then the project leader Vadim Rogozhin with the contractor they examined the road, and found new holes on the repaired canvas, they were never repaired. The same applies to the road passing through the center of the village of Ozerki, then it could be completely patched up at the same time, and not just the section that is adjacent to the road to Orkino. Giant pits remained on the main road to Ozerki. Ozerkovtsy, unfortunately, do not have sights where they could take the governor.

This year the village of Orkino turned 305 years old. Its first inhabitants were Mordovians (immigrants from the Penza villages of Machim, Ishim and Sadovka) and Russians. There are also two names for the settlement - the Mordovian Orkino (on behalf of the first inhabitant of Orka Kostanov) and the Russian Kuchugury (sand mounds).

“If we talk about how many people are registered here, then more than 700 people are listed, and if you want to know how many people actually live here today, then about 250-300 people,” local residents told the Fourth Power correspondent.

Mordovian farmsteads of the Bazarno-Karabulaksky, Baltaisky, Novoburassky, Sovetsky, Tatishchevsky, Khvalynsky and Engelssky districts are located on the square next to the Center of Mordovian National Culture, which will soon be overhauled and reconstructed. On them, masters of arts and crafts demonstrated their art to the guests of the holiday - they embroidered pictures with beads, wove patterns and twisted crafts resembling dolls from handkerchiefs. Pottery works, wood carving, knitting, embroidery, wool products were also presented here. Visitors were told how Mordovian weddings were played. Everyone was offered to taste dishes of national cuisine - to feast on millet porridge, honey, meat dishes, pies, drink kvass and spring water from local sources.

A large playground was laid out nearby, where young people measured their strength in national wrestling, throwing a ball, tug of war and other skills. All of them were met by the manager of the games - Tyushtya - who told the guys the rules of the competition.

The holiday was attended by the governor of the Saratov region Valery Radaev, senator Sergei Arenin(Mordvin by nationality), members of the government, deputies of the regional Duma from the Petrovsky district with the chairman Ivan Kuzmin, heads of districts, representatives of the scientific and cultural community of the region. Guests from Mordovia also came to the holiday, headed by the First Deputy Minister of Culture of the Republic Alexander Kargin.

At each of the farmsteads, the head of the region and other distinguished guests were treated to bread and salt, greeted with national songs and dances, and told about local attractions.

After that, the guests of the holiday moved to the house of culture, which was converted into a center of Mordovian culture. Local activists - Sergey Alpatov with his wife - showed the governor on a colorful scheme developed tourist routes to local attractions. According to them, such tours would allow visitors to discover the unique local nature and acquaint them with the culture of the village.

For example, Sergei, who runs a cultural institution, proposed to put an observation tower on a mountainous place. He recalled that there is an old mill in the village, and a horse trail for tourists could be laid in the nearby village of Loch.

Valery Radaev agreed that Orkino should have its own "zest".

“There is no need to repeat either Saratov, or Penza, or Saransk. We must live our own color so that people come here the way they do today, for a holiday. The main thing is that there are such devotees in the village as the Alpatov family,” the governor shared.

Then the village head Aleksandr Kuznetsov showed Radaev the local museum, which was organized on the initiative of a villager about 20 years ago. It presents objects of Mordovian life, starting from the 18th century. According to Kuznetsov, the museum began with a library, and then grew into a collection of rare national items. Among them there are many things that are hardly familiar to the modern visitor. They were handed down by residents of Orkin and neighboring villages, some exhibits were brought here from Mordovia.

So, for example, Senator Arenin really liked the plow. He even pretended to follow her and loosen the ground.

“This is how you walk 40-50 acres, you will sweat all over,” he told reporters, remembering his childhood.

The director of the museum himself removed collectible musical instruments from the wall and played them for the governor and guests.

Then a festive concert in the national style began for the audience. At the very beginning, the Mother of the land of the Mordovian Mastorava and her sisters - Vityava, Borovava, Mikshava, Barmoava, Bulava and Viryava - invited the participants of the festival to dance in a round dance. Then the folklore groups "Umarina", "Sudarushka" and the pride of the village "Kuchuguri" (which recently turned 20 years old) performed on the stage, they sang for the audience in Mordovian and Russian.

Valery Radaev told those present that he was once again struck by the folk museum at the Center for Mordovian National Culture.

“Not every region has one. And I also want to say thanks to Alexander Kuznetsov, who helped organize such a wonderful festival. Devotees like him not only preserve the memory and traditions, but also infect the youth with their energy,” the head of the region admitted and presented the regional order “For Love to the Native Land” to the chairman of the village.

According to him, the main goal of such events is to communicate, to get acquainted with the traditions of the peoples living in the neighborhood. “People will come, remember the language, traditions. For example, today a real Mordovian has visited us, the primordial one,” Radaev noted.

The culmination of the holiday was the lighting of the ancestral candle-shtatol. According to ancient tradition, the fire of the Mordovian people symbolizes fertility, purification and happiness, it is also a symbol of worship of ancestors and the unity of peoples. Having accepted it from the artist who portrayed Mastorava, Alexander Kuznetsov carefully carried it to a large symbolic candle near the stage and lit it.

He recalled that Orkino is a unique ancient Mordovian village that met the famous rebel Emeliana Pugacheva, its inhabitants participated in the Patriotic War of 1812 and other important historical events.

The holiday ended with a symbolic dressing up of a birch - the artists on the stage wished that the next festival would be just as fun and gather a lot of guests. At the same time, after each phrase, multi-colored ribbons were attached to the tree.

National holidays are the holidays of the soul and heart of the people. The holding of the Shumbrat holiday in Moscow is not accidental, because it is the capital that unites all peoples and is a home for people of different nationalities.

The organizers of the event are the Government of Moscow, the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, the Plenipotentiary Representation of the Republic of Mordovia under the President of the Russian Federation, the regional public organization "Mordovian community", the Park of Culture and Recreation "Kuzminki".

The holiday is held in order to revive, preserve and popularize the Mordovian national culture, as well as to familiarize Muscovites and guests of the capital with the traditions of the Mordovian people.

The Kuzminki Culture and Leisure Park, located in the south-east of the capital, is one of the greenest corners of Moscow and a unique open-air cultural and leisure complex.

A lot of interesting things await the guests of Shumbrat: acquaintance with Mordovian culture through the work of professional and amateur artists of the Republic of Mordovia and the Mordovian community, contests, exhibitions, national games, master classes and other events that will help you get to know this amazing region better. Commodity producers of Mordovia will present their products at the exhibition-fair. Those who wish will be able to purchase national souvenirs, products of folk art crafts.

SABANTUI

Sabantuy or plow holiday has ancient roots. This is a folk holiday for the end of spring field work among the Tatars and Bashkirs. Similar celebrations are held among other nationalities - Chuvash, Mordovians, Mari, Udmurts. However, everyone has their own characteristics.

The traditional Sabantuy is closely connected with labor. After a successful sowing, the grain growers arrange a rest for themselves, get together and celebrate the end of spring sowing. In this holiday, the joy of successful work and the hope for a good harvest, communication with the flourishing nature and the bravery of jigits are intertwined.

The original purpose of this rite was to appease the spirits of fertility in order to favor a good harvest. Previously, Sabantuy was celebrated in honor of the beginning of spring field work (at the end of April), but now - in honor of their end (in June).

Traditionally, in front of Sabantuy, gift collectors stood out, who drove around the houses on carts, primarily those where the brides were. From there, the collectors took out embroidered towels, scarves, homespun rugs. Multi-colored light gifts were tied to long poles, and large things were placed on carts, and surrounded by a noisy, cheerful crowd, the procession walked through the village.

Merry sabantui are held even now. Most often, a field or meadow is chosen for their implementation. The celebration lasts all day, but the main thing in Sabantuy is the competition. Here young horsemen show their strength and dexterity. Each national wrestling has its own characteristics. In the Bashkir, for example, opponents wrap sashes around each other and, pulling the opponent to themselves, try to throw him over his head.

Today Sabantuy is an international national Tatar celebration, it has become a state holiday in Tatarstan, a federal holiday in Russia and an official city holiday in many cities of the world. In addition, at the initiative of the local Tatar communities, sabantu were held privately in cities such as Washington, New York, San Francisco, Berlin, Tashkent, Montreal, Toronto, Prague, Istanbul and others.

AKATUY

Akatuy is one of the most important national holidays of the Chuvash people, dedicated to the end of spring field work. Just like the Sabantuy, this ritual brings up love for the native land and hard peasant labor. The main characters at the symbolic "wedding" are the plow and the earth, "married" during the spring season. Since ancient times, the Chuvash people gathered on this day in order to congratulate each other on the arrival of summer, stand in a general round dance and sing their favorite songs. Men organized sports competitions: belt wrestling, running, horse racing. On the day of Akatuy, national dishes were prepared - beer, cottage cheese casserole chakat and national soup shurpe. A plentiful treat was supposed to contribute to the same harvest of bread.

To complete the ritual part of the holiday, each family went out into the field. They took with them a loaf of wheat bread, a circle of cheese, eggs, wheat or barley koloboks, pies. A prayer was read in the field, each of those present in honor of the spirits of the earth poured a few drops of beer and scattered crumbs of bread and cheese. Everyone believed in the power of the rite, they thought that in this way it was possible to influence the future harvest. In the evening, young people rode around the village with a long pole, to which the young women tied their best embroidered towels and woven belts. The main event of the evening was competition - running, horse racing, jumping, archery. The most popular type of competition is belt wrestling, like the Tatars.

SHUMBRAT

Shumbrat is a young holiday, it has been celebrated in Russia for about 20 years. In Mordovia, this word means greeting - "hello." The holiday, etymologically similar to the Tatar Sabantuy and the Chuvash Akatuy, is in the Mordovian calendar - this is the holiday of Baltai honey. However, now Shumbrat is celebrated everywhere.

The main idea of ​​this legalized festival is the preservation of national culture, folk traditions, the development of amateur art.

Ulyanovsk Shumbrat has been gathering representatives of the Mordovian people from all over the country for the third time. The idea of ​​its origin appeared in 2012 at the forum “We are All Russia” in Saransk as part of the celebration of the millennium of the unity of the Mordovians with the peoples of the Russian state. The holiday takes place annually in all regions of our country with a compact population of Mordovians.
The Shumbrat festival is aimed at strengthening not only cultural ties with the Republic of Mordovia, but also the national traditions of the people living in our region.

From year to year, those who came to the holiday become guests of the Mordovian farmsteads, participate in the Play the Accordion contest and in the exhibition of products of folk craftsmen. Important components of the festival are competitions in national sports, master classes in folk crafts, as well as contests of readers.

Unlike the traditional Sabantuy and Akatuy, the main thing in this holiday is not sporting achievements, and it is not directly related to the peasant calendar. This is an artificially created holiday that arose as a reason for the pride of the Mordovian people.

In 2004, Republican national folklore holidays were established in Mordovia: Moksha - "Aksha Kelu" [White Birch], Erzya - "Rasken ozks" [Family Prayer], Tatar - "Sabantuy" [Plow Festival] and Russian "Day of Slavic Writing ". Their goal is the preservation, revival and development of national traditions, national sports and the strengthening of interethnic relations. National holidays were held in Mordovia before, but today they have a higher status and funding.

Feast of Aksha Kelu. Photo - "Diagonal"

"Aksha kelu" is traditionally held in the village of Vadovskie Selishchi, Zubovo-Polyansky district, on the feast of the Trinity. Folk festivals, tasting of Mordovian cuisine and a concert program are organized on the right bank of the Vad River. The holiday attracts guests from Mordovia and regions of Russia. The highlight of the “white birch holiday” is the Mordovian belt wrestling. There are several differences between the Mordovian wrestling and similar competitions: the weight category of the wrestlers does not matter, the opponents cannot take their hands off each other's sash. The winner is the one who can put the opponent on the ground three times [if one of the wrestlers throws through himself and touches the ground first, he loses]. Previously, these competitions were called "bear wrestling", now - "Aksha Kelu" in honor of the republican holiday.

Fight "Aksha Kelu". Photo - "Diagonal"

"Rasken (Velen) Ozks" takes place in the village of Tashto Kshumantsya, Bolsheignatovsky district, on the second Sunday of July. Velen Ozks [Village Prayer] is held annually, and once every three years - a larger holiday - "Rasken Ozks" [Family Prayer]. At the festival, guests are greeted not with traditional bread and salt, but with bread and honey: so that the future life is sweet and satisfying. A feature of the holiday is the meeting of the Council of Elders, at which the results of the work for the year are summed up. The holiday begins with the lighting of the shtatol [candle]. At the prayers, the main request of those present is heard - for the preservation of the Moksha and Erzya peoples, so that the native language, traditions, culture live for many centuries and be passed down from generation to generation. The main treat at the holiday is Bukan yam [beef soup]. Soup is boiled in ten cauldrons during the celebration so that none of the guests is left without a traditional treat.

The National Theater at the festival "Rasken Ozks". Photo - MGNDT

The holiday "Sabantuy" is held in Lyambir in late May - early June. Previously, the holiday was held on the central square of the district center, but the square stopped accommodating all the guests. Therefore, for three years in a row, Sabantuy has been held on the territory of the central flying club of the DOSAAF of Russia named after the Hero of the Soviet Union MP Devyatayev. Sabantuy marks the end of spring field work, so the best workers in the agricultural sector are awarded on the holiday.

Sabantuy is characterized by performances by amateur artists, dishes of Tatar cuisine and performances by paratroopers, motorcyclists and an equestrian club. Traditionally, Sabantuy abounds in sports competitions, to which athletes come not only from many regions of our republic, but from neighboring regions. Most of the spectators are gathered by "köresh" [belt wrestling]. The winner receives the title of "batyr" [strongman, hero] and a live ram as a gift.

Sabantuy. Photo - Eugene Ptushka

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is celebrated in Saransk on May 24. On this day, a thematic concert is held, in which students of the music school and children's groups take part. In 2017, festive events were held near the Cathedral of the Holy Righteous Warrior Theodore Ushakov, where 15 choirs performed.

In 2018, the interregional festival of Mordovian culture "Shumbrat" will be held in Saransk for the first time - the idea of ​​​​establishing a republican Mordovian folklore and ethnographic holiday has been ripe for a long time. Concerts of creative groups, a theatrical procession of the peoples of Mordovia "We are all Russia!", an exhibition of products by masters of folk arts and crafts, a competition of national humor and ditties "Kuldor-kaldor" and an ethnic disco will be held at several venues in the city at once. Republican holidays "Rasken ozks" and "Aksha kelu" will retain their status.

This year, the guests of the event were Muscovites and representatives of the Mordovian people from Orenburg, Penza, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Temnikovsky, Ardatovsky, Chamzinsky districts of the Republic of Mordovia.

Ivan Petrov, Deputy Head of the Department of National Policy and Interregional Relations of the City of Moscow, greeted all those present from the stage. “This wonderful holiday is being held in Moscow for the 7th time and it has already become a good tradition for all Muscovites. Today, everyone here has a wonderful opportunity to touch the amazing culture of the Mordovian people,” he said. Ivan Petrov also wished the participants and guests of the holiday a great mood, vivid impressions from the event and read out a greeting from Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, in which the mayor expressed confidence that the Shumbrat holiday would be held in an atmosphere of warmth, help to find new friends and become an ornament to the cultural life of multinational Moscow.

Victor Grishin, Head of the Interregional Public Organization "Mordovian Community", Rector of the Russian University of Economics. G.V. Plekhanov also congratulated fellow countrymen and Muscovites gathered for the holiday, noting that this day is always filled with joyful meetings. “In fact, we enjoy not only meetings - wonderful artists come to us, we listen to wonderful songs here, watch wonderful dances - it is important for us that Muscovites are present here and see the cultural and other achievements of the republic,” he said. Victor Grishin also expressed his gratitude to the leadership of the Republic of Mordovia and the Government of Moscow for their assistance in organizing the holiday.

Also with welcoming words addressed to the residents of the capital: His Eminence Zinoviy, Metropolitan of Saransk and Mordovia, Deputy Minister of Culture, National Policy, Tourism and Archival Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia Chebakov Alexander Alexandrovich, Director of the Volga Center of Finno-Ugric Peoples Akashkina Raisa Ivanovna.

The concert program of the holiday was attended by professional and amateur artists of the Republic of Mordovia and the Mordovian community of Moscow: People's Artist of the Republic of Mordovia, Honored Artist of Russia Yulia Uchvatova, Honored Artist of the Republic of Mordovia, soloist of the Moscow Operetta Theater Valery Islyaikin, Honored Artist of the Republic of Mordovia Vera Kayatskaya, group " Sadko", Folklore groups "Azorava", "Eh, Mordovochki", "Boyaravanya", "Kolopinsky voices", "Erzyan Weigel". Special guests of the holiday were representatives of the Tatar cultural center - the national vocal ensemble "Tatar tunes" and the folklore group "Laimonya" from the Temnikovsky district of the Republic of Mordovia. From the heart, the guests of the holiday were amused by a team of accordionists led by the Honored Artist of the Republic of Mordovia Batanov Petr Ivanovich.

The culmination of the holiday was the Flash mob “I dance in Mordovian style”. All guests in a single round dance spun in a national dance.

There were also master classes in pottery, beadwork, weaving Mordovian belts (kilksht) on a loom, wood carving (Tavlinskaya wood carving school) and much more.

In the trade and fair rows, one could buy homemade cakes, pancakes, pilaf, shish kebabs, Mordovian honey. Commodity producers of Mordovia presented their products: cheeses, sausages, confectionery and other goods. Those who wish were able to purchase national souvenirs, products of folk art crafts.

The holiday "Shumbrat" gave an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with the art and life of the Mordovian people, their customs, national cuisine, costumes, and in general - it was truly saturated with people's love for each other.