Tutkan Urazany Allah gabul etsin! Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr - what kind of holiday? Celebration traditions, schedule, calendar, what is prohibited What is prohibited in Ramadan.

On Eid al-Adha, in the morning, children begin to walk around apartments and houses and collect sweets. Familiar, unfamiliar. They walk around, knock on the door, congratulate them on the holiday and open the package where you need to throw some sweets, a cookie, a boiled egg, a handkerchief or money - whoever can afford it. This is a good old tradition, I don’t know how old it is and how it all began. I remember that in childhood, my mother did not allow me and my sister to “tweed” around the Makhachkala yards, but we really wanted to. We came up with the word "tween" ourselves, it means such walking of children around the yards with packages. We came up with it from the word "tutkan", which begins congratulations in the Kumyk language: tutkan Urazana Allah ghabul etsin - literally: "Kept uraza (post), may Allah accept it." Mom always bought us sweets for holiday, and relatives always gave us a lot of sweets, but still we wanted to go, congratulate and receive sweets in our bags. And somehow, for a couple of years in a row, on Eid al-Fitr, my mother took us to Buynaksk to our grandmother and allowed us to go there with packages - you, she says, no one knows here, it’s not a shame here.

Now the kids are kind of lazy, they start walking from 8 in the morning. We (myself, my sister and my cousin) got up at 6 and, having barely washed up, took the packages prepared in advance by my grandmother and began to "tweed". One year it was such that by 11 o'clock our packages were filled with sweets. Then we came home, emptied the package by half and again went out into the street.

And once, in my childhood, when it was still possible for us to "tuft", the holiday fell in the winter. The three of us, as always, got up early, washed ourselves and, without breakfast, went out with bags to congratulate the Buynak people. I remember that it snowed then, and there was a lot of it (it seems to me now that in my childhood the winters were more snowy than now). In some yard, boiled eggs were thrown into bags for us. And since we were already hungry, we decided to have a snack with these eggs. The brother and sister each knocked with their egg on the egg of the other and broke the shell, and I had to somehow break my egg, and since - I repeat - there was snow everywhere, I did not find a harder object nearby, like my own forehead. And - fuck! - an egg on the forehead! But the joke turned out not to be my idea, but in the fact that for some reason the egg turned out to be not boiled at all, but raw, and it immediately smeared all over my face))) I had to wash my face with snow.

Adults, when they go with congratulations, give each other not gifts, but something simply symbolic, so that they do not come empty-handed. As a rule, these are towels, or a pack of tea or pasta, or - a classic of the genre - a box of chocolates. It is customary for men to give socks and scarves. But since everyone must visit each other and these walks last 1-2, or even 3 days, it also happens that with a third or fourth guest a towel or a box of chocolates donated to him earlier can return.
I do not congratulate those for whom uraza is just an opportunity to pray for sins earned during the year. I congratulate those who kept their fast with a pure heart and good intentions, those who truly believe. Happy clean holiday!

AMONG ALL MUSLIM HOLIDAYS, BAYRAM IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT.

Its other name, common among believers, is Eid al-Fitr. It is celebrated for three whole days in a month, in Arabic it is called Shawwal, timed to coincide with the end of the fast of Ramadan. That is why it is also called Ramadan Bairam. We will talk more about this holiday below.

Establishment of a holiday

According to Islamic traditions, the holiday of Ramadan Bayram was established by the founder of Islam himself - the prophet Muhammad. It happened in 624. Since then, the ummah, that is, the worldwide community of believers, celebrates this day every year, as required by their religion.

The image of the celebration

In Christianity, during Easter, believers greet each other with the words "Christ is risen!". A similar exclamation on Ramadan Bairam among Muslims is the phrase in Arabic "Eid Mubarak!". It translates as follows: "Blessed holiday!".

The days of celebration in most traditionally Muslim countries are considered holidays at the state level, which means that at this time almost everyone has days off and no one works. The day begins with a ritual bath. Then a visit to the mosque is obligatory, in which a public prayer is held with the reading of a special text - Eid-namaz. This is a special prayer in Arabic dedicated to this holiday, and therefore it is read only once a year.

Features of Eid Prayer

This ceremony begins at dawn and continues until lunchtime. At its core, it is a form of prayer. It is best to do it in a mosque together with other believers, but if circumstances prevent this, then prayer can be performed at home alone, but also no later than the lunch azan.

In addition to prayer on this day, you need to give zakat - obligatory alms, which is one of the pillars of Islam. Moreover, this should be done before the holiday prayer begins. All Muslims should celebrate Ramadan Bayram, these days it is not supposed to mourn, and therefore alms-zakat are most often given to the poor so that they can buy new clothes and eat well.

What do they do on holidays

Like any celebration, Bayram - on which tables are set and refreshments are placed. Believers go to visit each other and invite them to their place to share a friendly meal. It is also very important to visit your parents and other relatives. If this cannot be done personally, then at least it is required to send a postcard, or somehow convey your congratulations.

Ramadan Bayram also requires that all the sick, the lonely and the poor are not forgotten. Therefore, religion prescribes paying attention to such people and participating in their lives with a gift, a visit and a treat. Children, as a rule, also receive gifts from their parents and spend time in games and fun.

Also, deceased relatives are not forgotten in Bayram. The holiday assumes that believers will visit the graves of their dead and perform funeral prayers for them. As for the enemies, the traditions of this day require a person to reconcile with everyone with whom he was in a quarrel, and make peace.

There is also a special tradition to pray on the night before the holiday. According to Islamic traditions, prayers offered at night on the eve of the Bayram holiday have a special power - the ear of Allah is especially attentive to them, and if a person pronounces them sincerely, then they are credited to a person. The only thing is that it is recommended not to abuse the vigils on the festive night, so as not to oversleep the most important prayer in the mosque in the morning.

The meaning of the holiday

In general, in Islam there are only two dates for Muslim holidays, the significance of which is so great. In addition to Bayram described above, this is Eid-ul-Adha - the day dedicated to the completion of the pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca to the Kaaba. Bayram, as mentioned above, is the result of the fast of Ramadan, in which every believer is prescribed to abstain from food, drink, entertainment and intimacy until sunset. This is done in order to temper willpower, free up time for spiritual exercises, do good deeds, pacify desires and extinguish your passions.

Both Hajj and fasting are efforts on oneself, undertaken in order to advance along the path offered by Islam. It is the completion of successful spiritual work that is celebrated on these great holidays. At the same time, existing moral norms require Muslims to maintain in themselves the level of perfection that was achieved during these pious exercises. That is, the end of the holy fast of Ramadan does not mean that now you can return to all your old sins and bad habits.

Quite the opposite, leaving once, they must be left forever, and thus the time of fasting becomes a time of inner transformation. This is necessary to arouse the pleasure of Allah and his approval.

What is Ramadan holiday?

The Muslim calendar, which is based on the lunar year, usually has a few holidays that are of great importance to all Muslims. However, such a holiday as Ramadan is given special preference.

Ramadan, also known as Ramadan, is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar. Ramadan is considered a month of strict fasting. According to Muslim custom, the first spiritual revelation was delivered to the Prophet Muhammad through the Messenger Jibril in this month. All this happened in 610, when Muhammad was in the cave of Hira, which is located not far from Mecca, where he quite often retired for religious services. This and subsequent revelations, which were sent to the prophet, constituted the sacred book of Islam, referred to as the Koran.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the main obligations for all Muslims. It is prescribed in order to increase the awareness and appreciation of the Muslims' own actions and the exact execution of the orders of Allah. During the whole day it is strictly forbidden: to eat, drink, indulge in various amusements and taste pleasures.

Muslims devote daytime to prayers, reading the Koran, charity, work, as well as religious thoughts and deeds. In addition to the standard 5 prayers, every day, with the advent of night, an additional prayer-prayer is also read, which is referred to as tarawih. As a rule, taraweeh is read after the fifth prayer. In the last decade of the month of Ramadan, a more active righteous life is led, including the commemoration of the night when the Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation.

In this month, you can drink and eat food only after sunset and until the time when it rises. Only children, sick people, and even soldiers who take part in hostilities are exempt from fasting, but still, an unfulfilled fast must necessarily be compensated at other times. According to the statement of the mullah, during Ramadan, Allah bestows a reward on the pious for every mercy done by him.

The end of the fast and the holiday of Ramadan is the second most important among all Muslim holidays - Eid al-Fitr, which is considered the holiday of breaking the fast. It begins to be celebrated with the arrival of sunset on the last day of Ramadan and is celebrated on the 1st and 2nd of the month of Shawwal following Ramadan. At this time, all Muslims should think about the spiritual values that they acquired during the celebration of Ramadan. Muslims consider this holiday a day of salvation, forgiveness, reward and reconciliation.

The celebration of the holiday begins with a special prayer in the mosque. After the end of the prayer, the Islamic priest asks Allah for acceptance of fasting and forgiveness. After all this, the believers, pulling the tasbih rosary, the whole crowd begin to read dhikr - these are the words of the ritual remembrance of Allah. Dhikr is carried out according to a special formula and in a certain way, out loud or to oneself, accompanying all this with certain body movements.

After prayer, a festive table is laid in the mosque and alms are distributed to the poor. Saadaka is charged from each adult on the day the fast ends during Ramadan. It is collected only from wealthy Muslims. It is listed as a voluntary donation.

In almost all Muslim countries, on the days of Eid al-Fitra, it is supposed to visit the graves of deceased relatives. On the second day of Eid al-Fitra, the fast of the month of Shawwal begins, which lasts 6 days.

The month of Ramadan 2017: the essence of fasting, schedule, calendar, what is prohibited in Ramadan

The month of Ramadan 2017 (Muslim fasting) begins on the evening of May 25 with the onset of the evening after the moon is visible in the sky, and these data are still, according to preliminary calculations.

As for the exact date of the beginning of the month of Ramadan, depending on the countries of the world, it can begin 1 day ahead or later, according to the decision of the highest religious ranks. As the month of Ramadan approaches, the exact date of the beginning of the fast will be determined by the leaders of the religious clergy of each country in Islamic countries, individually.

The beginning of fasting in 2017 within the holy month of Ramadan is considered from the morning of May 26 and it lasts 30 days (± 1 day) depending on the lunar calendar in various countries of the world according to the decision of the ulame councils.

Essence of Ramadan

The month of Ramadan is the month of cleansing from sins and fasting in this month is considered one of the 5 pillars in the Islamic religion. The month of Ramadan (Ramadan) begins after the end of the month of Shaaban and after Ramadan the month of Shawal begins. It was in the month of Ramadan that the holy book “Quran” was sent down to the peoples of the world, in which it is clearly written about this month that righteous Muslims need certain days in the month of Ramadan to categorically refrain from prohibited acts (gunas) and in the daytime refuse to eat and drink.

Month of Ramadan 2017

In fact, this month is also called "Ramadan" by many nations. It is the ninth in the Muslim calendar. If you use the Gregorian calendar, then every year the beginning of the month will change. This holiday is the most important and most revered for all Muslims. This holiday month falls on May 26 this year. The holiday month ends on June 25th. This year Ramadan is 30 days long.

Each new month in the Islamic lunar calendar begins immediately after the new moon. It is worth considering that the lunar calendar tends to be shorter than the Gregorian, for this reason the shift in the start date of fasting occurs by about 11 days in relation to the modern calendar. It is also worth remembering that in countries with a Muslim population, the beginning of Ramadan is determined using astronomical calculation, and in all others due to direct observation of the moon. You can also use the authoritative statements of famous Muslims, which can determine the beginning of the holiday. For this reason, the definition of the beginning of the fast differs depending on the location of the state in which the faithful live.

Features of Ramadan

Contemporaries attribute this holiday to the list of obligatory for all Muslims. This month marks the fasting, which is also called saum. He is one of the pillars of modern Islam. Throughout the month, devout Muslims are forbidden to eat during the daytime. Also, they are not allowed to drink, smoke and make love throughout the holiday, the purpose of which is to atone for all their sins.

In other words, fasting is a test for willpower, after which the spirit of a person will be able to triumph over his carnal desires. The faithful can focus their attention on the inner world. This will reveal or destroy sinful inclinations, as well as repent of the sins already committed. A person gets a chance to overcome his own pride and face the will of the Creator. The duration of this post usually ranges from 29-30 days, which is explained by the peculiarities of the lunar calendar. Fasting begins at dawn, and ends only at sunset or the evening azan.

Intention to Fast Ramadan

Before embarking on a fast, the faithful need to pronounce their intentions, the form of which will be something like this: “I want to fast Ramadan today, for the sake of Allah.” Muslims must 30 minutes before dawn to cope with the morning meal and start breaking the fast. This meal is called suhoor, and breaking the fast is iftar. You should break your fast with water, milk or dates, as well as other products.

Every day after the completion of the evening prayer, the faithful perform a collective tarawih prayer, which includes from 8 to 20 rak'ahs. The final stage of the month is associated with the onset of the night of al-Qadr. On the first day of Shawwal, timed to coincide with the end of Ramadan, they break the fast. At this moment, Muslims perform an early morning holiday prayer.

Also, the obligatory alms must be paid by the faithful, which is called zakat al-fitr. This festival is the second most important for the Muslim community around the world.

Giving up needs to strengthen the human spirit

Thanks to the complete abandonment of the most basic human needs during hot days, it allows the faithful to prove how strong their faith is. During this period, Muslims try to cope with their passions and instincts. In addition to external cleanliness, it is also necessary to maintain internal cleanliness during this period of time. This means that a Muslim must be free from various thoughts that can defile a person.

The fast of the faithful, who could not achieve the purity of his thoughts and actions, cannot be considered completed, since "Allah does not need to refrain from eating and drinking the one who did not leave a lie." Muslims are of the opinion that the spiritual and physical fasting of Ramadan can significantly improve the state of a person's spirit.

Ramadan and Quran

Fasting is valid only for a certain number of days. If a person is sick or wandering, he can reschedule the fast for another time. Those who can fast while doing deeds should atone for their deed by giving charity to the poor. If someone did a good deed out of personal convictions, then this will be credited to him.

It was during this month that the faithful received the Koran. This book is a true guide for man. Those of the Muslims whom this month finds must fast. And here is an excerpt from the Koran, which directly speaks of Ramadan and its impact on Muslims - “Allah wishes you relief and does not wish you hardship. He wants you to complete a certain number of days and praise Allah for having guided you to a straight path. Perhaps you will be grateful."

At this time, Muslims need to perform their prayers with maximum responsibility than at other times. The month should be devoted to the study of the Qur'an and the performance of good deeds. Muslims must also give voluntary (sadaqah) and obligatory (zakat) alms. Many Muslims who, for various reasons, do not pray, usually begin to observe this rule of Islam again during this period. For this reason, the faithful are so enthusiastically awaiting the arrival of Ramadan.

What is forbidden in Ramadan?

During the fast, it is forbidden to perform several actions. It is worth considering that it is in the light period of the day that they are considered a violation of the fast. This is about:

Unspoken desire to fast;
Intentional eating and drinking;
smoking;
Sexual contacts;
Rectal and vaginal use of drugs;
Swallowing liquid that has entered the mouth.
What is allowed in Ramadan
At the same time, the law does not prohibit doing:

Unintentional eating and drinking;
The introduction of a drug means due to injections;
donate blood;
Swim, but only if water does not enter the mouth;
Kissing if the partner's saliva is not swallowed;
To enjoy caresses that do not cause ejaculation;
Swallow saliva and sputum that does not belong to another person;
Brush your teeth, but with the condition that the paste does not penetrate the throat;
Do not perform prayers.
Persons released from the post
Those who are not Muslims have the right not to follow the rules. Also children under the age of majority and people with mental disorders. Ramadan may not be observed by the elderly and people who suffer from serious illnesses that do not allow them to cope with fasting. To atone for this they have to feed the poor.

Pregnant women can also not follow the fast if they are worried about their own or the health of the baby. They should follow Ramadan after the worries have gone. As mentioned earlier, travelers can break their fast in any physical condition or difficulty of the chosen route. If a person does not observe Ramadan, then he should not show eating or smoking to other Muslims. Also, in countries where the Muslim population predominates, it is forbidden to eat, smoke or use chewing gum during Ramadan.

Mandatory requirements
It is very important for those who are fasting to communicate their intention. The intention must be pronounced with the heart. For this, you can use any language that will be understood by fasting people. If you translate this phrase into Russian, then it should look something like this - "I intend tomorrow (today) to fast the month of Ramadan, for the sake of Allah." You need to pronounce this phrase every day for the whole month. The phrase is repeated between the night and morning prayers. An intention that was uttered once a month for all subsequent days is not considered valid in any Sunni madhhab. The only exception is the Maliki madhhab.

What to do in case of violation of the post

If the fast is broken, and there are no good reasons for this, then this offense will be attributed to sins. In case of unintentional breaking of the fast due to severe illness, the Muslim should perform the missed fast on the 1st day of the fast. It is also fashionable to pay the poor a certain amount, which is equal to 1 sa of wheat. Other products purchased for an equivalent amount may also be used.

If the fast was skipped for another good reason, then the faithful must observe it at any convenient time before the next Ramadan comes. Sexual intercourse that was committed during the daylight hours must be made up for with 60 days of constant fasting or feeding 60 poor people. If the fast is not observed for a reason that is provided for in the Sharia, it is necessary to engage in repentance.

good deeds
Based on the hadiths and the Koran, doing good deeds during this period is considered to be very important for Muslims. If you follow the words of the prophet, Allah can increase the value of each such act seven hundred times, and the devil will be in chains during this period, so doing good during this period will be easier than at other times of the year. Devout Muslims should spend more time studying the Quran this month. They should not forget about almsgiving, as well as do other positive deeds.

Breakfast (Suhoor) at dawn
Suhoor is a breakfast that is taken at dawn throughout Ramadan. Food should be taken before morning prayer is to be read. Suhoor and iftar allow you to replace the usual meals this month for all the faithful. Muslims must perform suhoor before the first sign of dawn. In this case, the reward for the faithful will be much greater. If the fasting person is not satisfied before dawn, then his fast will be kept, but he will be deprived of a certain part of the reward, since he will not fulfill one of the requirements of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.

Evening meal (Iftar)

Iftar is breaking the fast or eating in the evening every day throughout Ramadan. There should be after the evening prayer is performed. Iftar can only start at sunset. Do not postpone this meal until later in the evening. To break the fast according to the Sunnah, you should use dates or water. When the iftar is completed, it is necessary to say a special prayer, which is called a dua. It may sound something like this: “O Lord, for the sake of Your pleasure with me, I fasted, believed in You, relied on You and broke the fast using Your gifts. Forgive me, O He Whose mercy is infinite. Praise be to the Almighty, Who helped me to fast and fed me when I broke my fast.”

Taraweeh in Ramadan month

Taraweeh can be translated as respite. This name is given to a special voluntary prayer that should be performed after the night prayer. It continues until the sun appears at dawn. Taraweeh can be done alone or in a group. Prayer got its name due to the fact that after every fourth rakah, the worshipers get the opportunity to rest while sitting, bringing praise to the Lord.

During the life of the prophet, taraweeh consisted of 8-20 rak'ahs. Modern prayer includes 20 rak'ahs. It was approved by Caliph Umar, to which the Sahaba agreed. Today, the prayer is represented by 10 prayers, each of which consists of two rak'ahs. It must be performed daily throughout Ramadan. Prayer should begin after the end of the night prayer.

End of Ramadan

During the last ten days of Ramadan, Muslims should be especially diligent in their prayers. During this period, it is best to visit mosques, as did the Prophet Muhammad, who retired to the mosque for the entire period. In the last year of his life, he spent 20 days in the mosque during the month of Ramadan. During solitude, do not forget about the need to pronounce your intentions. They should mention that you have decided to spend seclusion in itikaf. After the believer leaves the mosque, you need to return to the usual form of intentions. During this period, the night of al-Qadr should be expected.

Night of al-Qadr in 2017

This night is also called the Night of Power. It is generally accepted that exactly the 27th night of this month coincides with the period when the surah “Inna anzalnagu” was revealed to Muhammad.

This happened in the seventh century in the cave of Jabal al-Nur mountain. It was at this time, which is confirmed by Islamic sources, that the praying Muhammad met with the archangel Jabrail, who pointed the prophet to the scroll and ordered him to read it. Muslims celebrate this night at the end of Ramadan. It is on the Night of Power that the faithful get the opportunity to ask forgiveness from the Creator for their own sins. Also, this period should be devoted to reading the Qur'an.

Feast of breaking the fast Uraza-Bayram

At the end of Ramadan, a feast of breaking the fast is held, which is called Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Fitr in the Turkic language. Ramadan 2017 is celebrated on June 25th. During this period, Muslims can make a special prayer, as well as pay alms. Zakat al-Fitr is alms that must be paid to the poor. The performance of this act is obligatory for all believers. The head of the family must be paid a certain amount of money for the whole family, which he takes care of. If the child was born on the night of the last day of Ramadan, then there is no need to pay alms for him.

Almsgiving
You can pay zakat al-fitr in the mosque to a person who is authorized to receive it. You can also distribute food directly to those who need it. Alms is equal to one saa of bulk substances. For example, in Europe it is customary to pay alms in the equivalent of wheat or barley, in Asia rice is used for this, and dates in the Middle East. It is best to pay zakat al-Fitr with food, as was customary in the time of the prophet. It is possible to pay alms in money only in the Hanafi madhhab. This obligatory charity allows you to atone (kafarra) for all kinds of mistakes that were made during the period of Ramadan. It is also called upon to provide assistance to the poor and those who need funds for the celebration of Eid al-Fitr.

Congratulations on Ramadan

Lent continues to be the most joyful holiday for the faithful on the entire planet. Muslims can congratulate their friends and loved ones on his arrival thanks to the words of Ramazani Kareem, which are the wishes of a generous Ramadan. Traditionally, at this time, you can wish Muslims - “May Allah please your eyes in Ramadan with sweet evenings and the friendship of the elect, the mercy of the All-Forgiving and the paradise of the pious!”.

Uraza calendar 2017: the feast of breaking the fast, which marks the end of fasting in the holy month of Ramadan

Each nation has its own faith, and although significant holy holidays are also not very different from each other, they always fall on different days, for example, in 2017, Ramadan (or Uraza) begins with the dawn of the sun on May 26 and ends after sunset on June 24.

Uraza is the obligatory observance of saum (fasting) for Muslims for 30 calendar days, which consists of five pillars (foundations) of Islam. During these 30 days, Muslim believers must refrain from drinking, intimacy, smoking, and even eating. The beginning of the saum comes with the morning adhan and ends after the evening adhan after thirty days.

Before starting saum, Muslims read niyat: “I will perform saum of the month of Uraza today, for the sake of Allah.” Believers before the morning azan should finish eating (they call it suhoor) and immediately break the fast, it is allowed to take milk, dates and water for iftar.

Every night, believers perform the rite of isha (prayer for the night), after which there is a collective tarawih prayer, it consists of 8 to 20 rak'ahs. The mighty night of al-Qadar comes ten days before the end of the saum.

Uraza Bayram is celebrated on the first day of Shawwal, which comes at the end of Ramadan. Muslims perform eid prayer (holiday prayer) and obligatory pay zakat al-fitr (alms).

Uraza calendar 2017: Uraza is a time of fun and joy

Uraza Bayram is the second most important holiday in the Islamic calendar after Kurban Bayram. On the eve of the holiday, Muslims buy gifts for each other, prepare treats, and decorate their homes.

Four days before the holiday, women carry out a general cleaning of the house, court premises, barns, and clean cattle. After cleaning is over, all family members should bathe, put on clean linen and clean themselves up.

In the evening, the hostesses prepare traditional oriental dishes. Children carry them to their relatives, there is a mutual exchange of treats.

Eid al-Fitr is not allowed to work, so in most Islamic countries this day is a day off. In Russia, they will also have holidays in the republics of the North Caucasus, Bashkortostan and Tatarstan.

On the holiday itself, it is customary to get up early and put on festive clothes. Muslims greet each other in a special way: “May Allah send His mercy to both you and us!”, “May Allah accept our and your prayers!”.

An hour before sunrise in mosques, after the sermon, they read a festive prayer - Gaet-Namaz. The prayers are mostly attended by men only. Women at this time prepare treats at home.

After the arrival of men from the mosque, the hostesses set the table. In each house they are waiting for the arrival of guests, they also visit their neighbors, relatives and bring them sweets.

Before the start of the holiday, alms (fitr-sadaqah) are obligatory - the distribution of property and money to those in need on a holiday. This year the minimum amount is 50 rubles.

In addition, on Eid al-Fitr, it is customary to visit parents, do good deeds, give gifts, visit cemeteries and commemorate deceased relatives.

Muslims are ending the holy month of Ramadan, during which they held a strict fast, when nothing was allowed to eat or drink during daylight hours.

The end of Ramadan is a significant event in Islam, which is called the Feast of Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Fitr. Followers of Islam believe that it was on this day that the first verses of the Koran were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Along with this, a large number of traditions are associated with the holiday.

In 2017, the celebration of Eid al-Fitr in most Russian regions will begin on June 25. Accordingly, the last day of Ramadan and the eve of Eid al-Fitr will be June 24th. (In Chechnya, Dagestan and Adygea, as well as in many Muslim countries, the holiday will begin a day later - June 26).

In Russian republics with a Muslim population, Eid al-Fitr is a day off. In some republics of the Russian Federation, where the majority of Muslims, as well as in most Muslim countries, three days are holidays - this is how long Eid al-Fitr lasts.

On the eve of the holiday of Eid al-Fitr, on the last evening of Ramadan, the followers of Islam gather for a common prayer, after which a festive meal follows. Early the next morning, when the holiday itself begins, the believers, after taking a bath and putting on their best clothes, go to the mosque for a common prayer.

How to celebrate Eid al-Fitr?

Since ancient times, there has been a tradition among Muslims that during Eid al-Fitr, iftar friends and neighbors, traditional meals of joint conversation after sunset are arranged. This tradition continues throughout the day. It is customary to involve not only Muslims in the celebration, but also representatives of other faiths - friends, neighbors. Often, festive events are held at the official level in those regions where there are many Muslims.

Before the holiday of Uraza Bayram, believers make special charitable donations, consisting either in dry sweets or in money, which are equivalent in value to such products. The collection is given to the wandering, the poor and the sick.

The holiday starts right after sunset on the last day of Ramadan, which falls on the fourth of July. After the end of the common prayer, believers are sent to a joint festive meal, to which representatives of other faiths are also allowed. On holidays, it is customary to give gifts to the poor, to give gifts to children and adults, to distribute alms (surrender), to ask each other for forgiveness, to visit relatives.

Early in the morning, July 5, a collective holiday prayer begins in mosques, where people come in advance, choosing their best clothes for this. After the prayer, the main festive events continue, and sweets and meat, mainly lamb, remain on the tables.

Congratulations on Eid al-Fitr in verse: short SMS

On a glorious holiday, clean, bright
Congratulations from the bottom of my heart.
In Eid al-Fitr, let thoughts
They will be clear and pure.

Your house will be peaceful
Close ones live in happiness.
In faith strong and deep
Find inspiration.

***
Eid al-Fitr brought
Generosity of treats.
This is a Muslim holiday
Joyful, sacred.

Let old and young celebrate
Blessed day.
All health and all the best
This day is sacred!

***
Eid al-Adha is coming.
Meet him soon!
Joy, happiness he brings,
So you set the table
And treat all guests.
Do not harbor bitter resentment
Forgive everyone from the bottom of your heart.
Mercy, comfort
Let them live in your house.

***
The post is over, the district is making noise,
I send you congratulations.
Wish You happiness and health
To you on the holiday of Eid al-Fitr.

May Allah always help
In good deeds and deeds.
I wish strength to your bodies
And kindness is always hearts.

The month of Ramadan (Ramadan) is one of the most revered among Muslims and requires strict fasting. Ramadan begins on the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar.

Ramadan is part of the lunar calendar and begins with the appearance of the moon. The lunar calendar is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar, so every year Ramadan starts 11 days earlier than the previous year.

When does Ramadan fasting start and end?

According to astronomical calculations, in 2018 the first day of the Muslim fast in the month of Ramadan will fall on May 16 and will last until June 14.

In some Muslim countries, the first day of Ramadan is determined by astronomical calculations, and in others by direct observation of the moon or the testimony of authoritative Muslim theologians. Islam allows both possibilities, and therefore the start date of a religious holiday in different countries may differ.

How to fast in Ramadan

Fasting (uraza) in Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam - so important that Muslims believe that those who did not have time to make up for the missed days of fasting before their death should be compensated by their guardian (or descendants), because behind them is an unrequited debt Allah. Fasting allows every Muslim to strengthen his faith and self-discipline, strictly following the orders of Allah.

From dawn to sunset, a fasting person abstains from all types of breaking the fast (eating, drinking, smoking, sexual intercourse, etc.) and strives to keep his tongue from foul language, and his soul from unclean thoughts.

At sunset, Muslims break their fast. The evening rite of breaking the fast is called iftar; evening break is a blessed time, so they try to invite relatives, close friends and neighbors to it, and it is believed that a Muslim who arranged a treat can count on the forgiveness of sins and a place in paradise. Often a mullah is invited to iftar.

In many countries, iftar is served in mosques and prepared by the faithful themselves in order to taste treats together.

Fasting in Ramadan is allowed not to be observed only by pregnant and lactating women, seriously ill people, children, people who are engaged in hard work or are on the road at this time, soldiers who are participating in hostilities. However, these reasons do not completely exempt them from fasting, it will need to be observed at another time.

Muslims around the world are preparing for Ramadan long before its onset: women stock up on food and groceries, men are busy buying gifts to celebrate the holiday.

During Ramadan, Muslims devote most of their time to reading the Quran and remembrance of Allah (dhikr). In addition to the five daily prayers, every night of fasting, an additional prayer-prayer (tarawih) is performed after the fifth prayer.

Muslims believe that Allah can forgive a person's sins if he spends time reading prayers and doing pious deeds, for example, helping those in need, donating funds to charity. According to legend, Allah also releases a certain number of souls of the dead from hell.

During Ramadan, Muslims are required to generously distribute sadaqah (voluntary donations) and zakat (compulsory alms). Sadaka does not necessarily mean monetary alms. It can be a good deed - for example, helping a neighbor - an act that a believer performs in the name of Allah, thus not expecting a reward from the person he helped.

It is the duty of every Muslim to make a small contribution, called zakat-ul-fitr, before the end of Ramadan. The collected money goes to the poorest and neediest so that they, on an equal basis with everyone else, can take part in the festivities of breaking the fast of Eid al-Fitr. Most Muslims give zakat generously during Ramadan because they believe that the reward for it increases during this month.

The first decade of the month represents the acceptance of the mercy of the Almighty, the second - cleansing from sin, and the third marks salvation from hell.

Especially important in the month of Ramadan is considered the night of the 27th - "Laylat al-qadr" ("night of power" or "night of predestination"), when Allah decides the fate of people.

The last ten days of Ramadan are the most sacred, which is why Muslims are even more diligent in acts of worship. These days, many men perform itikaf (spiritual retreat), spending this time in the mosque.

End of Ramadan

The end of Ramadan and fasting is marked by the second most important of the Muslim holidays - Eid al-Fitr (translated from Arabic - the holiday of breaking the fast; in Turkic - Eid al-Fitr), starting at sunset on the last day of Ramadan and continuing on the 1st and 2nd on the 1st of the next month of Shawwal.

It begins with the reading of the prayer-prayer under the guidance of the imam. After completing the prayer, the imam asks Allah to accept fasting, forgive sins and give prosperity. Then they start a festive meal and distribution of alms to the poor, and also visit the graves of their ancestors. Joint prayers and sermons are often followed by various festivities: children take part in games, sweets are distributed to everyone who wishes, a theater performs in the streets, and songs and joyful exclamations are heard everywhere.

During Ramadan in Muslim countries, business activity is noticeably reduced, the working day is reduced, and religious sentiments are intensifying; daily life shifts to the evening and night time.

The material is compiled from open sources.