Essay "Does a person need memory?". Development of memory and speed reading Such an amazing memory

So why should you improve your memory? Ridiculous question, you say. After all, everyone knows what a good memory is. However, many people perceive their memory as extremely simplistic, and therefore do not understand how its development affects other abilities. Their logic boils down to the following arguments:

Will the ability to remember improve? But I still remember everything I need. I have already fully adapted to my abilities, phone numbers are stored in a cell phone, if something more complicated is needed, you can write it down. Since memory problems have already been somehow resolved, there is no need to waste time on it. In the end, the main thing is not memory, but thinking, intelligence, the ability to process information.

Most people think that by improving their memory they will make a camera or a tape recorder out of their head, and they see no other advantages. But the development of memory is not only memory, but also thinking, imagination, attention, and much more, without which effective mental activity of a person is unthinkable.

So, what does a person achieve by training memory?

1. Attention. The need to control the course of one's thoughts, constant concentration on the objects of memorization leads to an improvement in attention. As a result, it becomes easier for a person to focus on current affairs and problems, his life becomes much more organized, less influenced by interference.
2. Thinking. The development of memory also improves thinking due to the fact that you constantly have to work with mental objects, come up with associations connecting them. As a result, associative thinking develops - responsible for generalization and abstraction and visual-figurative - the use of which helps a holistic perception of reality and intuitive problem solving. Well, of course, just the very ability to memorize helps thinking. If all the necessary facts are at hand, then in the process of thinking there is less need to linger on solving secondary problems, after obtaining the necessary information. It's no secret: until you find the information you need, you'll forget why you need it. Especially if you are looking for it using the Internet - along the way you come across so many interesting things that the search process turns out to be “more important” than the result, and when you find what you are looking for, you already forget how it all began.
3. Imagination and creativity. The associations invented by the mnemonist are often unusual and absurd. By linking objects, you have to create the incredible. Some time after the start of classes, you can notice that when solving your problems, you begin to use methods that previously seemed too non-standard. And unsolvable problems suddenly get a simple and elegant solution.
4. Protecting the human brain from age-related changes. What we don't use, we lose. This is clearly seen in the example of human physical abilities. No matter how good physical shape you are, if you lead a sedentary lifestyle, do not give your body physical activity, then after a while the muscles will atrophy and become flabby, shortness of breath will appear, and a bunch of other problems associated with the heart, pressure, etc. If you lead an active lifestyle, take long walks, go to the pool or gym, then health problems can be avoided. The same applies to the mental capabilities of the organism. It is widely believed that with age, the mental abilities of a person deteriorate. Research shows that this is often the case. But the deterioration of human abilities is not so irreversible. If you continue to use your brain, give it a load, then its condition will at least not worsen. Brain deterioration can be prevented by solving crossword puzzles or logical problems. By performing memory development exercises, you can also prevent the deterioration of mental abilities - memory, concentration, thinking, etc.

As you and I can see, the development of memory helps not only memory, but also contributes to the harmonious development of other human abilities.

You can learn all this and more at the "School of Speed ​​Reading and Information Management Vasilyeva L.L."

Rosa Fayzullina
Why is memory needed? Abstract of a lesson on the development of arbitrary memory of children

Lesson progress:

1. Introduction to the situation.

Didactic tasks: motivate children for inclusion in play activities.

The teacher collects children around you.

Do you love fairy tales?

Can you name your favorite characters?

All responses are heard children, after which the teacher makes a riddle.

Self-confident, though clumsy,

And by nature he is a big nerd,

Come on, guess him,

He is known to everyone by the name of ....

(Dunno)

Guys, Dunno came to us today. Dunno appears on the interactive whiteboard.

Hello guys! Znayka told me that you tell poems well. I was asked to learn a poem at school, but I can’t do it. Here listen. He tries to tell, but he cannot remember all the words in the poem.

Poem from an electronic textbook. Krontik learns to listen and reason. Chapter 15. A. Konyashov "Where did the soap go?"

Where did it go?

Until recently, it was

And suddenly it disappeared

Evaporated.

We washed cups with soap,

Plates and shirts.

We washed spoons, knives and ladles with soap.

Oh how it loved

Wash the ink off your face

Wash off the paint from the palms,

And clay, and putty,

And plasticine, and even

Wash off soot marks.

Learn how to memorize a poem.

Tell me what need make the poem easy to learn.

Do you guys want to help Dunno?

And can you?

Can you repeat the poem?

You don't know either.

What have to do to better remember?

All responses are heard children, after which the teacher brings total:

If not develop your memory, you will have to spend a lot of time preparing lessons and repeating. Any information is easier to remember if you present it in the form of some kind of image or drawings. Remember: Imagination can help you remember new information. There are people whom work requires to keep in memory big numbers. Do you know what their secret is? They actively use their imagination. For them, each figure is a certain image. It can be objects, animals, flowers. For example, a figure eight is a tumbler, a unit is a branch, a two is a bird, and a six is ​​a castle. Some even make up mental sentences with these images. For example, you need to remember the number - 222-18-00. Can you think of following: three birds sitting on a branch noticed a tumbler chewing two dryers.

2. Actualization of knowledge.

2.1. The game "Guess the Pictogram".

1) Update the idea of ​​a pictogram (a pictogram is a simplified drawing that denotes some action or event).

2) Form an idea about the icon.

There are six different colored pictures on the interactive whiteboard, and their symbols are presented below in black and white. You have to choose a picture with a symbol for each color picture.

3. Difficulty in the situation.

3.1 Work in the electronic textbook. The game "Encrypt the word"

Didactic tasks:

1) Create a motivational situation to form an idea of ​​how need depict the given word or phrase as a pictogram.

2) To form an experience under the guidance of an educator of fixing the difficulty, understanding its causes and the experience of goal setting.

The teacher tells:

Dunno came from school. And he began to learn a poem, but it is very difficult for him to remember a poem.

Show Dunno how to easily memorize a poem with the help of pictograms.

Children understand correctly, but I explain. Train the ability to depict a given word or phrase with a picture or symbol.

3) Form at children experience in e-books.

Instruction: Now I will pronounce you words and phrases, and you must “encrypt” it with a picture, symbol or sign.

material for the task. A word or phrase is read out, which the children must “encrypt”, that is, designate the words with some sign or concise pattern. Words are read out with an interval of 15-20 s. so that all the children have time to draw a sketch. After this task, play a game, and then the children should reproduce words and phrases.

Words to remember:

3. Village.

4. Big city.

5. The sun is shining.

6. Delicious pie.

7. The phone is ringing.

8. Hot tea.

9. Cheerful holiday.

10. Soon to school.

11. Angry dog.

12. It's raining outside.

And now we will play a game where need be very careful.

Now we will decide that when I name animals and animals, then you you will stomp, when the fruit then clap 2 times, and if any inanimate object, then raise the left hand. Deal. Let's start our game.

After the game please children take their places and play encrypted drawings. Making sense (total) lessons.

Didactic tasks: to form the primary experience of understanding their activities, constructive relationship to difficulty.

The teacher collects children around you.

Could we help Dunno?

We taught Dunno to memorize a poem, because we learned to encrypt words and sentences with pictograms.

The teacher praises children for that that they were attentive and diligent and were able to help Dunno.

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Good day dear colleagues! This year our country is celebrating the most remarkable and main holiday “70 years of the Great Victory”.

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- Every time you can't remember a name or a place, write it down in your diary.
“What if I can’t remember the diary?”

In this article, we will introduce you to the principles of memory, tell you about the methods of remembering and retrieving memories, share exercises, recommendations from scientists and unexpected facts about memory. You will definitely remember it 🙂

How memory works

Did you know that the very word "memory" misleads us. It gives the impression that we are talking about something unified, about one mental skill. But over the past fifty years, scientists have found that there are several different processes of remembering. For example, we have short-term and long-term memory.

Everyone knows that short term memory used when you need to hold a thought in your mind for about a minute (for example, the phone number you are going to call). At the same time, it is very important not to think about something else - otherwise you will immediately forget the number. This statement is true for both young and old people, but for the latter, its relevance is still slightly higher. Short-term memory is involved in various processes, for example, it serves to track changes in a number when adding or subtracting.

Long term memoryь is responsible for everything that we need in more than a minute, even if you were distracted by something else in this interval. Long-term memory is divided into procedural and declarative.

1. procedural memory concerns activities such as riding a bicycle or playing the piano. If once you have learned to do this, then your body will simply repeat the necessary movements - and this is controlled by procedural memory.
2. Declarative memory, in turn, participates in the conscious recall of information, for example, when you need to restore a shopping list. This type of memory can be either verbal (verbal) or visual (visual) and is divided into semantic and episodic memory.

• semantic memory refers to the meaning of concepts (in particular, to the names of people). Suppose that knowledge of what a bicycle is belongs to this kind of memory.
• episodic memory- to events. For example, knowing when you last went for a bike ride calls on your episodic memory. Part of episodic memory is autobiographical - it relates to various events and life experiences.

Finally we got to prospective memory- it refers to the things you are going to do: call the car service, or buy a bouquet of flowers and visit your aunt, or clean the cat's litter box.

How memories are formed and returned

Memory is the mechanism by which impressions received in the present affect us in the future. For the brain, new experience means spontaneous activity of neurons. When something happens to us, clusters of neurons fire up, passing on electrical impulses. The work of the gene and the production of protein create new synapses, stimulate the growth of new neurons.

But the process of forgetting is similar to how snow falls on objects, covering them with itself, from which they become white and white - so much so that you can no longer distinguish where it was.

An impulse that provokes the extraction of a memory - an internal (thought or feeling) or an external event, causes the brain to associate with an event from the past. works like a kind of predictive device: it is constantly preparing for the future based on the past. Memories condition our perception of the present through a "filter" through which we look and automatically assume what will happen next.

The memory extraction mechanism has an important property. It has only been carefully studied in the last twenty-five years: when we take a coded memory out of our internal storage, it is not necessarily recognized as something from the past.

Take, for example, cycling. You sit on a bike and just ride, and clusters of neurons fire in the brain, allowing you to pedal, balance and brake. This is one type of memory: an event in the past (trying to learn to ride a bike) influenced your behavior in the present (you ride it), but you don't feel today's bike ride as a memory of the day you first got to do it.

If you are asked to remember the very first ride on a bicycle, you will think, scan the memory storage, and, let's say, you will have an image of a dad or an older sister who ran after you, you will remember the fear and pain from the first fall or the delight that you managed to get to the nearest turn. And you will know for sure that you are remembering something from the past.

The two types of memory processing are closely related in our daily lives. Those that help us pedal are called implicit memories, and the ability to remember the day we learned to ride are called explicit memories.

Master to collect mosaics

We have a short-term working memory, a slate of consciousness, on which we can place a picture at any given moment. And, by the way, it has a limited capacity, where the images present in the foreground of consciousness are stored. But there are other types of memory.

In the left hemisphere, the hippocampus forms factual and linguistic knowledge; in the right - arranges the "bricks" of life history by time and topic. All this work makes the "search engine" of memory more efficient. The hippocampus can be compared to the one who collects mosaics: it connects individual fragments of images and sensations of implicit memories into full-fledged "pictures" of actual and autobiographical memory.

If suddenly the hippocampus is damaged, for example, during a stroke, memory will also be impaired. Daniel Siegel told this story in his book: “Once at a dinner with friends, I met a man with such a problem. He politely informed me that he had had several bilateral hippocampal strokes, and asked me not to be offended if I went away for a second to pour myself water, and then he did not remember me. And indeed, I returned with a glass in my hands, and we again introduced ourselves to each other.

Like some sleeping pills, alcohol is notorious for temporarily shutting down our hippocampus. However, the state of blackout caused by alcohol is not the same as a temporary loss of consciousness: a person is conscious (although incapacitated), but does not explicitly encode what is happening. People who experience such memory lapses may not remember how they got home or how they met the person they woke up with in the morning in the same bed.

The hippocampus also shuts down in anger, and people suffering from fits of uncontrollable rage are not necessarily lying when they claim they don't remember what they said or did in this altered state of consciousness.

How to test your memory

Psychologists use different techniques to test memory. Some of them you can do yourself at home.

1. Verbal memory test. Have someone read 15 words to you (only unrelated words: bush, bird, hat, etc.). Repeat them: people under 45 usually remember about 7-9 words. Then listen to this list four more times. Norm: reproduce 12–15 words. Go about your business and after 15 minutes repeat the words (but only from memory). Most middle-aged people cannot reproduce more than 10 words.
2. Visual memory test. Draw this complex diagram, and after 20 try to draw it from memory. The more details you remember, the better your memory is developed.

How is memory related to the senses?

According to scientist Michael Merzenich, “one of the most important findings from recent research is that the senses (hearing, sight, and others) are closely related to memory and cognitive abilities. Because of this interdependence, the weakness of one often means, or even causes, the weakness of the other.

For example, Alzheimer's patients are known to gradually lose their memory. And one of the manifestations of this disease is that they begin to eat less. It turned out that, since visual impairment is among the symptoms of this disease, patients (among other reasons) simply do not see food ...

Another example concerns normal age-related changes in cognitive activity. Aging, a person becomes more and more forgetful and absent-minded. This is largely due to the fact that the brain is no longer as good as before, processing sensory signals. As a result, we lose the ability to retain new visualizations of our experience as clearly as before, and subsequently we have problems using and recovering them.

By the way, it is curious that exposure to blue light enhances the response to emotional stimuli of the hypothalamus and amygdala, that is, the brain regions responsible for organizing attention and memory. So looking at all shades of blue is useful.

Techniques and exercises for training memory

The first and most important thing you need to know in order to have a good memory is. Studies have shown that the hippocampus responsible for spatial memory is enlarged in taxi drivers. This means that the more often you do activities that use memory, the better you pump it.

And here are some more tricks that will help you develop your memory, improve your ability to remember and remember everything you need.

1. Go crazy!

Memory- one of the mental functions and types of human mental activity, designed to store, accumulate and reproduce information.

The ability to store information about the events of the external world and the reactions of the body for a long time and use it repeatedly in the sphere of consciousness to organize subsequent activities (Wikipedia).

According to statistics, memory problems worry every third inhabitant of the earth. Moreover, memory impairment is characteristic of all ages.

Why should you improve your memory?
Ridiculous question, you say. After all, everyone knows what a good memory is. However, many people perceive their memory as extremely simplistic, and therefore do not understand how its development affects other abilities. Their logic boils down to the following arguments:

Will the ability to remember improve? But I still remember everything I need. I have already fully adapted to my abilities, phone numbers are stored in a cell phone, if something more complicated is needed, you can write it down. Since memory problems have already been somehow resolved, there is no need to waste time on it. In the end, the main thing is not memory, but thinking, intelligence, the ability to process information.

Most people think that by improving their memory they will make a camera or a tape recorder out of their head, and they see no other advantages.
But the development of memory is not only memory, but also thinking, imagination, attention, and much more, without which effective mental activity of a person is unthinkable.

So, What does a person achieve by training memory?

1. Attention. The need to control the course of one's thoughts, constant concentration on the objects of memorization leads to an improvement in attention. As a result, it becomes easier for a person to focus on current affairs and problems, his life becomes much more organized, less influenced by interference.

2. Thinking. The development of memory also improves thinking due to the fact that you constantly have to work with mental objects, come up with associations connecting them. As a result, associative thinking develops - responsible for generalization and abstraction and visual-figurative - the use of which helps a holistic perception of reality and intuitive problem solving. Well, of course, just the very ability to memorize helps thinking. If all the necessary facts are at hand, then in the process of thinking there is less need to linger on solving secondary problems, after obtaining the necessary information. It's no secret: until you find the information you need, you'll forget why you need it. Especially if you are looking for it using the Internet - along the way you come across so many interesting things that the search process turns out to be “more important” than the result, and when you find what you are looking for, you already forget how it all began.

3. Imagination and creative activity. The associations invented by the mnemonist are often unusual and absurd. By linking objects, you have to create the incredible. Some time after the start of classes, you can notice that when solving your problems, you begin to use methods that previously seemed too non-standard. And unsolvable problems suddenly get a simple and elegant solution.

4. Protection of the human brain from age-related changes. What we don't use, we lose. This is clearly seen in the example of human physical abilities. No matter how good physical shape you are, if you lead a sedentary lifestyle, do not give your body physical activity, then after a while the muscles will atrophy and become flabby, shortness of breath will appear, and a bunch of other problems associated with the heart, pressure, etc. If you lead an active lifestyle, take long walks, go to the pool or gym, then health problems can be avoided. The same applies to the mental capabilities of the organism. It is widely believed that with age, the mental abilities of a person deteriorate. Research shows that this is often the case. But the deterioration of human abilities is not so irreversible. If you continue to use your brain, give it a load, then its condition will at least not worsen. Brain deterioration can be prevented by solving crossword puzzles or logical problems. By performing memory development exercises, you can also prevent the deterioration of mental abilities - memory, concentration, thinking, etc.

As you can see, the development of memory helps not only memory, but also contributes to the harmonious development of other human abilities.

What kind of memory will we develop?

Saying the phrase "I have a bad memory" people often mean completely different things. For some, this is the inability to remember phone numbers, for others, people's faces. Some struggle with absent-mindedness - constantly forgetting keys and documents, missing appointments, etc. And there are people for whom a good memory is an opportunity to quickly learn a large amount of information for the exam. Having figured out what exactly you need, you will be able to save a lot of time and effort.

Depending on what kind of memory you are going to develop, there are three ways to develop memory. Let's consider them in more detail:

1. Memory for events or household memory. The name is rather conditional, it allows you to separate the methods of memorization, and which are used mainly in everyday life and come down to “not forgetting something”. You may forget to take your keys when you leave the house because someone interrupted you with a phone call just before leaving. You can forget to go to the store passing by it, thinking about something of your own. You can forget documents simply because you forgot. You can forget your cell phone in a cafe.
In books or articles on the Internet, quite often there are techniques for developing this type of memory. I recommend one book that is almost entirely devoted to this type of memorization - The Language of Memory by Douglas Herman and Michael Grunberg. Most of the book describes situations in which two memory experts kept forgetting something. An interesting book, with a description of a large number of facts from life.

2. Memory as a mental function. What is often called natural memory. This method includes performing exercises for the development of attention and memory proper, breathing control, organizing a diet to improve one's mental abilities.
I must say that although individual elements of this method of memorization are quite common, but in a systematic form it is only in one source - Ivan Ivanovich Poloneichik's audio course “Principles and methods of memory development”. The development of this type of memory allows you to remember a variety of information without much effort.

3. Mnemonics or artificial memory. Probably the oldest and most effective way of remembering. How about memorizing a few thousand digits, like the digits of pi? Or remember, close to the test, the contents of a thick book filled with a bunch of facts, information, numerical data? Or a list of laws, the meaning of which can be difficult to understand when reading?
Mnemonics, mobilizing the possibilities of thinking, attention, imagination, allows you to remember all this. Although, of course, to master it, it takes time to perform memory exercises and regular training. And the biggest paradox is that by mastering and using mnemonics, your memory does not improve. The use of mnemonics allows you to memorize, but does not develop memory.

So, these are the three main methods of memory development. Which one is better? It is hard to say. It is better to approach from the other end - what do you need from your memory? What are you missing at the moment? In solving what problems your own memory prevents you from solving. Think about it and the answer will appear on the surface.

In the meantime, I offer you an exercise to train your memory:

For many adults, poor memory becomes a real stumbling block: memory problems, forgetfulness, inattention, etc. What can we say about the elderly, whose problems with the vessels of the brain are often reflected in memory.
Memory training exercises help to quickly solve this problem.

Develop your memory and be healthy and happy!

Agree, one or two generations brought up without history lessons, without stories about a feat, and simply about the life of their ancestors (grandparents, great-grandfathers), about traditions, customs adopted in your family, in short - in oblivion, and that's all, in front of you are "strangers" - native people to you. Strangers in the sense of the absence of common dear memories, ignorance of the values ​​\u200b\u200baccepted in the family-clan, priorities.

You are united only by consanguinity, a common surname, and the fact that in which case (with you) they will be designated among the heirs of the first (second) stage.

The other day I attended the evening on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of a wonderful woman. She passed away almost 30 years ago. The image of the mother remained clear in the memory of daughters-in-law. But their children no longer remember her. No, of course, they can recognize her in the photo, only in the morning they went to her grave, laid flowers. And they don’t know how cool she was, how she survived during the war years, what successes she achieved in life. Their age justifies them - the grandmother died when they were still "walking under the table." It turns out that this is an omission of the elders - they told little, explained. It turns out that these gaps need to be filled. And this is just one special case. What can we say about events that were once significant for many peoples, the history of an entire country?

… These days marked another anniversary of the liberation of Kyiv from the fascist invaders. The Kyiv offensive operation took place from 3 to 13 November 1943. Its result was the liberation of the cities of Kyiv and Zhytomyr by the Soviet troops. Exactly 74 years have passed since then. And it was on the night of November 6-7, in the park of Eternal Glory in the city of Kyiv, that some bastards poured cement mortar over the Eternal Flame under cover of night. A call with a message about the damage to the monument went to the police on Tuesday morning.

The police who arrived at the scene found 8 buckets in which these "poor-bearers" brought a solution of cement. We must pay tribute, the deputy head of the Kyiv city state administration Oleksiy Reznikov said that "such acts of vandalism are a shameful example of disrespect for the history and memory of the heroes" and that he "... is sure that vandals cannot escape responsibility." By the way, this memorial of Eternal Glory on the Pechersk Hills is dedicated to those who died in World War II. It was opened exactly 60 years ago, on November 6, 1957.

Here, someone can remind me that, they say, in Ukraine since May 2015, a law has been in force to condemn the communist and national socialist regimes. This document prohibits the production and public use of symbols, in particular the images of Soviet flags and emblems, as well as the public performance of the anthems of the USSR, Ukrainian and other Soviet republics. Yes it is. But monuments to participants in World War II are not subject to this law. In general, this fact is terrible in itself. Kyiv, for the liberation of which so many lives were given, and suddenly this ...

Faced with such “forgetfulness”, I want to ask only one question to the vandals: “How do you yourself live without brains ?!”

In Kazakhstan, in our native Shymkent, everything is more or less in order with this. In Shymkent there is a unique memorial of Glory, the park "Zhenis" ("Victory"), a branch of the South Kazakhstan region of the local history museum "Yerlik" ("Courage"), a Map of Heroes at the cemetery on Tolstoy Street, separate monuments to the Heroes of War. We honor, we remember. And somewhere we even, as it were, rediscover the names of the heroes of bygone days.

It turns out that this is significant for us, there is a need at the genetic or some other level to have beacon heroes among relatives, friends, fellow countrymen, thanks to whom life on this planet has become better, more meaningful.

An example of “recognition again” is the feat of an 18-year-old boy from the Katyn-Kopr department, Yerezhepbay Moldabaev. Today's guys and girls more and more often "try on" the facts of the biography of their countryman, they ask themselves: could I do that? At the age of 18, this ordinary South Kazakhstan boy went to the front. He became the commander of the 545th Infantry Regiment of the 389th Berdichevskaya Infantry Division. This is the 1st Ukrainian Front. During his very short life, this young man distinguished himself in battle at least three times. During the liberation of the city of Berdichev, Yerezhepbay was the first to break into the enemy's trench and destroyed 5 Nazis with grenades and machine guns. In July 44th - when crossing the Dnieper. Junior sergeant Moldabaev died on August 7, 44th in another battle. He was buried in the Polish village of Grudza, Lublin Voivodeship.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to him on September 23, 1944 posthumously. He was only 19 years old.

And what if not a debt of memory - the military parade-2017 held on Red Square in Moscow ... Without the memory of history, of their ancestors, the people, the state cannot survive. The spirit of the ancestors is not an invention, it is something very significant, the basis of the foundations, in fact, our foundation. The good disposition of the departed, the spirits of the ancestors still needs to be earned. The Kazakhs say: “Oli times bolmai, tiri bayimaydy”, in an approximate translation into Russian: “Until the dead are satisfied, things will not go well for the living.” Remember your ancestors, do not let history be distorted, except for us elders, there will soon be no one to intercede for it.

Farida Sharafutdinova