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5. m. Prospekt Mira(repair 15 min. )

Work schedule: Mon-Fri. 10:00-20:00
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Laser welding with a guarantee in Moscow!

Entire books can be written about the possibilities of laser welding (soldering), since this unique method allows you to quickly and very efficiently repair steel, titanium and other metal products.

As for the workshops of our company, together with laser welding, we also perform such an important operation for the repair of glasses and jewelry as the restoration of lost rhinestones and crystals, which are often used to decorate these products and which are most often lost. A huge set of all kinds of rhinestones allows us to pleasantly surprise our customers, satisfying their need for repairs one hundred percent.

laser soldering

When repairing frames and jewelry, our craftsmen use laser welding (soldering), which achieves high geometric accuracy, precision energy dosage and minimal thermal impact on the solder joint. For this reason, the welding itself can be performed without fear of damaging nearby temperature-sensitive elements of the product, as well as avoiding annealing of any soldered elements. Laser welding can even be used to repair non-solders in some commercial technologies.

Laser welding (soldering) is different:

Accurate guidance to the place of soldering;

High concentration of the impact zone (up to 0.2 mm);

Ease of transition from one workpiece to another;

High accuracy of energy dosage, which completely eliminates the formation of burns;

High technological reproducibility.

Laser hardfacing

Laser surfacing is a high-tech operation that is significantly superior to similar gas-powder surfacing. Laser cladding allows:

Reduce the heat affected zone to negligible values ​​- hundredths of a millimeter;

Reduce thermal deformation to a minimum;

Regulate the volume of the melt in a relatively large range, which minimizes the subsequent machining of the product.

This technology is widely used in tool production, mechanical engineering, and so on (in various related areas), for example, when repairing calibers, tooling, eliminating various defects such as shells and pores, in order to restore all kinds of worn molds, and so on. More specifically, laser cladding is used:

To restore the edges of the working surface of die tooling and molds;

In order to restore the site of an underestimated working surface;

For fusion of superficial scoring and cracks;

For the purpose of welding chips, scuffs, nicks, open pores and shells, as well as other defects;

For "healing" areas of adhesive setting;

In order to eliminate grids of heating cracks.

Laser heat treatment

This heat treatment is widely and successfully used for more effective hardening of all kinds of cutting tools, such as cutters, milling cutters, drills, broaches, etc., measuring tools made of Kh12F, KhVG, 9KhS steels, as well as high-speed steels. In everyday life, laser heat treatment is used to sharpen saws, knives and other cutting tools.

As a result of such processing (pulsed action of laser radiation on the cutting edge), the tool becomes more resistant to loads and retains its cutting properties longer. For example, cutters made of steels R6M5K5, R6M5, R18, R9K5 demonstrate:

Increased durability - several times;

Reduced sticking (adhesive setting) on ​​its edges, this is especially clearly visible when processing various non-ferrous alloys;

Increased purity of processing;

Significantly increased slicing speed.

Laser hole drilling

Some industries require drilling of very small holes (less than 0.5 mm in diameter). It is inefficient to perform such work using conventional drills when:

The hole must be drilled at an angle;

The ratio of the diameter and depth of cutting is greater than one (the higher this indicator, the less effective traditional drilling);

Holes need to be drilled in very hard materials;

It is required to make non-circular holes.

Add to this that traditional drilling of small holes is ineffective in terms of labor productivity, as well as too high rejection due to frequent breakage of thin drills. In addition, sharpening them is a complex and labor-intensive operation.

In this case, electroerosive piercing is also used, however, it also has serious drawbacks, since it leads the tool axes to the side in deep holes, it is characterized by low productivity and low environmental cleanliness, which is strictly controlled in Russia today.

And only laser drilling (laser stitching) can easily cope with this task. Moreover, it is performed in two modes:

Small holes are obtained by the formation of a liquid phase and its removal by vapor of the evaporated metal; this method is highly productive but not very accurate;

Holes of small diameter are obtained by sublimation; this method is distinguished by high accuracy and comparatively (with conventional drilling) high labor productivity.

I recently repaired a spot-spark welding machine and after I returned it to the owner, I decided to assemble the same one for myself. Naturally, with the replacement of some of the original components with what is “in the bedside table”.

The principle of operation of the device is quite simple - on the capacitor C5 ( fig.1) accumulates such an amount of energy that when the transistor Q9 is opened, it is enough to melt the metal at the welding point.

From the power transformer Tr1, a voltage of 15 V, after rectification, filtering and stabilization, is supplied to those parts of the circuit that are responsible for controlling the characteristics of the welding pulse (duration, current) and creating a high-voltage "ignition" pulse. The voltage of 110 V after rectification charges the capacitor C5, which (when the pedal is pressed) is discharged to the welding point through the power transistor Q8 and through the secondary winding of the transformer Tr2. This transformer, together with the assembly on transistors Q5 and Q8, creates a high-voltage pulse at the terminals of the secondary winding, penetrating the air gap between the welding electrode (tungsten needle, red terminal) and the parts to be welded connected to the black terminal. This is most likely necessary for chemically clean welding of jewelry (tungsten is a fairly refractory metal).

Fig.1

Part of the circuit on the elements R1, C1, D1, D2, R2, Q1, R3, Q2, K1 and D5 provides a short-term switching on of the relay K1 for a time of about 10 ms, depending on the charge rate of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R1. The relay, through contacts K1.1, supplies a stabilized supply voltage of +12 V to two nodes. The first, on the elements C8, Q5, R15, R16, Q8, R18, R20 and Tr2, is the already mentioned high-voltage "ignition" pulse generator. The second node on R5, C2, R6, D6, D7, R9, C4, R10, Q3, R12, Q4, R13, R14, Q6, R24, Q7, R17, R21, D8, R22, Q9 and R23 is a single welding generator pulse, regulated by resistors R6 in duration (1 ... 5 ms) and R17 in current. On transistor Q3, in fact, the pulse generator itself is assembled (the principle of operation is the same as for turning on the relay), and transistors Q6 and Q7 are a composite emitter follower, the load of which is the power switch on transistor Q9. The low-resistance resistor R23 is a welding current sensor, the voltage from it passes through the adjustable divider R22, R17, R14 and opens the transistor Q4, which reduces the opening voltage of the output transistor Q9 and thereby limits the flowing current. It was not possible to accurately determine the current adjustment parameters, but the calculated upper limit is not more than 150 A (determined by the internal resistance of the Q9 transistor, the resistances of the secondary winding Tr2, resistor R23, mounting conductors and soldering points).

The field effect transistor Q8 is assembled from four IRF630 connected in parallel (there is one IRFP460). The power transistor Q9 consists of ten FJP13009, also connected "in parallel" (in the original circuit there are two IGBT transistors). The "parallelization" scheme is shown in fig.2 and in addition to transistors, it contains elements R21, D8, R22 and R23 each for its transistor ( fig.3).

Fig.2

Fig.3

Low-resistance resistors R20 and R23 are made of nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.35 mm. On the fig.4 and fig.5 shows the manufacture and fastening of resistors R23.

Fig.4

Fig.5

Printed circuit boards in the format of the program parted ( fig.6 and fig.7), but did not engage in their manufacture according to the technology, but simply cut out tracks and “patch patches” on the foil textolite (seen on fig.8). The dimensions of printed circuit boards are 100x110 mm and 153x50 mm. The contact connections between them are made by short and thick conductors.

Fig.6

Fig.7

The power transformer Tr1 is "made" of three different transformers, the primary windings of which are connected in parallel, and the secondary windings in series to obtain the desired output voltage.

The core of the pulse transformer Tr2 is recruited from four ferrite cores of horizontal transformers from old "CRT" monitors. The primary winding is wound with PEL (PEV) wire with a diameter of 1 mm and has 4 turns. The secondary winding is wound with a wire in PVC insulation with a core diameter of 0.4 mm. The number of turns in the last winding option is 36, i.e. the transformation ratio is 9 (in the original circuit, a transformer with Ktr. = 11 was used). The "beginning-end" of one of the windings must be switched so that the output negative pulse at the red terminal of the device occurs after the Q8 field-effect transistor is closed. This can be verified empirically - with the correct connection, the spark is “more powerful”.

Elements R19, C10 are a damping antiresonant circuit (snubber), and this inclusion of diode D9 provides a negative half-wave of a high-voltage “ignition” pulse at the red output of the welding machine and protects transistor Q9 from high voltage breakdown.

The storage capacitor C5 is made up of 30 electrolytic capacitors of different capacities (from 100 to 470 microfarads, 200 V) connected in parallel. Their total capacitance is about 8700 microfarads (4 capacitors of 2200 microfarads each were used in the original circuit). To limit the charging current of the capacitors, the circuit has a resistor R8 NTC 10D-20. To control the current, a pointer indicator connected to shunt R7 is used.

The device was assembled in a computer case measuring 370x380x130 mm. All boards and other elements are fixed on a piece of thick plywood of a suitable size. Photo of the location of the elements during setup on fig.8. In the final version, the shunt R7 and the current indicator were removed from the front panel ( fig.9). If the indicator needs to be installed in the device, then the resistance of the resistor R7 will have to be selected according to the operating current of the indicator used.

Fig.8

Fig.9

It is better to assemble and configure the device sequentially and in stages. First, the operation of the power transformer Tr2 is checked along with the rectifiers D3, D4, capacitors C3, C5, C9, the stabilizer VR1 and capacitors C6 and C7.

Then assemble the circuit for switching on the relay K1 and by selecting the capacitance of the capacitor C1 or the resistance of the resistor R1 to achieve a stable operation of the relay for a time of about 10-15 ms when the contacts are closed on the pedals.

After that, it is possible to assemble a high-voltage "ignition" pulse assembly and, by bringing the leads of the secondary winding to each other at a distance of fractions of a millimeter, check whether a spark jumps between them during the operation of relay K1. It would be nice to make sure that its duration is within 0.3 ... 0.5 ms.

Then assemble the rest of the control circuit (the one below R9 in Fig. 1), but connect not the transformer Tr2 to the collector of transistor Q9, but a resistor with a resistance of 5-10 ohms. Solder the second terminal of the resistor to the positive terminal of the capacitor C9. Turn on the circuit and make sure that when you press the pedal, pulses with a duration of 1 to 5 ms appear on this resistor. To check the operation of current regulation, you will either need to assemble the high-voltage part of the device or, by increasing the resistance of R23 to several ohms, see if the duration and shape of the current pulse flowing through Q9 changes. If it changes, it means that the protection is working.

It is possible that you will need to select the values ​​​​of the resistor R9 and capacitor C4. The fact is that in order to completely “open” transistors Q9.1-Q9.10, a sufficiently large current is needed, which Q7 passes through itself. Accordingly, the level of supply voltage on the capacitor C4 begins to "sag", but this time should be enough to carry out welding. An excessively large increase in the capacitance of the capacitor C4 can lead to a slow appearance of power in the node, and, accordingly, to a delay in time of the welding pulse relative to the “igniting” one. The best way out of this situation is to reduce the control current, i.e. replacement of ten 13007 transistors with two or three powerful IGBTs. For example, IRGPS60B120 (1200V, 120A) or IRG4PSC71 (600V, 85A). Well, then it also makes sense to install the "native" IRFP460 transistor in the node that forms the high-voltage "ignition" pulse.

I won’t say that the device turned out to be very necessary in the household :-), but over the past three weeks, only a few conductors and resistors were welded to the petals of electrolytic capacitors during the manufacture of the power supply and several “demonstration performances” were made for inquisitive spectators. In all cases bare copper wire was used as an electrode.

I recently made a "revision" - instead of a pedal, I put a button on the front panel and added an indication of the device being turned on (an ordinary incandescent bulb connected to a winding with a suitable voltage of one of the transformers).

Andrey Goltsov, r9o-11, Iskitim, February-March 2015

List of radio elements

Designation	Type of	Denomination	Quantity	Note	Score	My notepad
Q1, Q5	bipolar transistor	KT3102	2			To notepad
Q2, Q3, Q4	bipolar transistor	KT503B	3			To notepad
Q6	bipolar transistor	KT817V	1			To notepad
Q7	bipolar transistor	FJP13007	1			To notepad
Q8	MOSFET transistor	IRF630	4	see text		To notepad
Q9	bipolar transistor	FJP13009	10	see text		To notepad
VR1	Linear Regulator	LM7812	1			To notepad
D1, D2, D5-D7	rectifier diode	1N4148	5			To notepad
D3, D4	Rectifier bridge	PBL405	2			To notepad
D8	rectifier diode	FR152	10	see text		To notepad
D9	rectifier diode	FUF5407	1			To notepad
R1	Resistor	4.7 kOhm	1	MLT-0.25		To notepad
R2, R3, R10	Resistor	20 kOhm	3	MLT-0.25		To notepad
R4	Resistor	100 ohm	1	MLT-2		To notepad
R5, R16	Resistor	51 ohm	2	MLT-0.25		To notepad
R6	Variable resistor	10 kOhm	1			To notepad
R7	Resistor	0.1 ohm	1	see text		To notepad
R8	Resistor	NTC 10D-20	1			To notepad
R9, R19	Resistor	10 ohm	2	MLT-0.5		To notepad
R11	Resistor	33 kOhm	1	MLT-2		To notepad
R12, R13, R15	Resistor	1 kOhm	3	MLT-0.25		To notepad
R14	Resistor	15 ohm	1	MLT-0.25		To notepad
R18, R24	Resistor	100 ohm	2	MLT-0.25		To notepad
R20	Resistor

In the jewelry business, many technological methods discovered a long time ago remained unchanged for a long time, as if scientific and technological progress had bypassed them. For example, welding did not find recognition among jewelers who preferred to connect parts of jewelry by soldering. In order, for example, to make a product with an overlaid filigree, the wire was first twisted, then bent in the form of curls or spirals and soldered onto a base, which was balls, also soldered onto a metal surface.

The situation began to change with the development of the electronic industry, in which, by improving the assembly of semiconductor devices, it was necessary to solve problems inherent in jewelry art. Over time, it turned out that a laser equipped with a microscope, which is constantly used in the assembly of microcircuits, is also very convenient in jewelry. With a laser beam, you can “reach out” to any hard-to-reach place in the jewelry or, by smoothly changing the pulse power, apply a small, neat welded spot on a local area with the beam - the temperature will not rise two millimeters from the hot spot. The laser is also able to level the surface, "shooting" on it with a defocused beam and thereby melting its top layer. Finally, powerful laser pulses can evaporate excess metal or punch a micro-hole in some part.

Microelectronics, where the list of materials used is more extensive than in any other area, required the use of a variety of types of welding -, thermocompression,. The range of their capabilities is very wide, and this allows you to perform a variety of assembly operations in jewelry technology.

It is very likely that it was the specialists involved in the microwelding of electronic devices that became the conductors of their technologies in the jewelry business. An earring is broken or a chain is broken by relatives or friends, why not fix the breakage if you have a set of modern precision equipment at your disposal. It was possible to repair the damaged jewelry - which means that you can try to make a simple brooch or ring, and then take on a more complex product. Approximately according to this scheme, events developed in the 90s of the twentieth century at the Department of Microwelding (Technological Automated Complexes) at the Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering, which accumulated extensive experience in the use of modern welding methods in jewelry art.

Electric resistance welding, more precisely, its variety - capacitor welding, has especially taken root in jewelry. The capacitor is quickly discharged through the transformer, and a powerful current pulse arises in its secondary winding (one turn of a thick wire), it passes through the parts to be connected, while significant heat is released in the contact area and, melting the material to be connected here, forms a welded core.

When soldering jewelry, you usually have to do a laborious rough assembly, connecting all large and small parts and fixing them so that they do not crumble from thermal deformation, flux swelling, pressure from a gas burner flame (which is mainly used by jewelers), or simply from careless movements. . Therefore, they tried to give jewelry such structures and shapes in order to spring, rest against each other all their parts and details.

In complex products, multi-stage soldering was performed, and for each subsequent operation, solder with a lower melting point was taken, which, of course, greatly complicated the assembly process. In addition, it was necessary to use relatively large (on a jewelry scale) parts so that the solder connection was strong enough. With this chain, for example, in the manufacture of filigree jewelry, the wire was flattened and the parts were soldered to a flat surface. The solder flowed into the gaps under the parts, and this required very precisely maintaining the dimensions of the gaps.

With capacitor welding, parts are easily connected in series, one after another, and this allows you to create voluminous, rather complex jewelry designs that resemble, for example, a tree. Heating in this case occurs only in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe joint, the temperature of the product itself rises so slightly that during welding it can be held in hands. This is especially important for gemstones, which generally cannot withstand high temperatures. For such stones, a special knife is prepared - castes. A stone is laid on this bed and the edges of the caste are folded over, or special protrusions are used - prongs. In resistance welding, the stones are placed in the place intended for them at the very beginning of work, they look at how the pattern of the stone is combined with the general pattern of the product, corrected its parts or added new elements.

Another advantage of capacitor welding is that it is able to connect a wide variety of metals, including those that are practically not solderable. And, of course, welding does not require solder, which usually degrades the quality of joints.

True, contact welding installations manufactured by industry and used in the electronics industry turned out to be inconvenient for jewelry work. The staff of the department had to develop their own version and form of tweezers with flexible wires, which can be used to weld in the depths of various openwork products. Where more powerful welding is required, a special rod (pencil) with a handle and a small copper table the size of two matchboxes are used, on which the product is placed.

Next in line was the introduction of arc welding into the jewelry business. True, the properties of the electric arc used in industry and the arc of low currents (less than 5 amperes), which are used for welding small parts, differ significantly. The microarc is usually capricious, burns unsteadily, "walks" on the surface of the product, often breaks off and goes out. The specialists of the department got rid of these shortcomings, using, in particular, pulse modulation of the welding current, which stabilizes the arc.

Another problem with arc welding is that the arc has to be "ignited" essentially blindly, touching the surface of the workpiece at random with the electrode. Only when the arc is ignited, they begin to monitor the welding process through the protective glass. The electronic circuit created at the department monitors the moment the electrode touches the product and only some time later excites the arc. This interval allows you to install the electrode at the desired point, bring the protective glass, raise the electrode above the surface of the product, and only at the moment of its separation start welding. In addition, electronics strictly doses the energy introduced into the weld, and it is obtained without defects.

It remains to be said that the use of microelectronic technology makes it possible to produce jewelry with a much larger number of parts than when soldering, spending much less labor. At the same time, the possibilities of increasing the size of the product and its complexity are practically unlimited.

In the manufacture and repair of jewelry, it becomes necessary to create strong one-piece connections of very small parts. The specificity of this delicate craft places the highest demands on the technology for performing such work.

In addition to the fact that when working with products of some artistic value, the aesthetic component is in the first place, a special specificity is created by the fact that they are usually made of gold and other precious metals.

Riveting and soldering are traditional ways of creating a joint in jewelry, which are successfully used to this day. Previously, welding for jewelers was rarely used. But with, it is increasingly being used to create jewelry and other valuable items.

The general development of welding and electronic technologies has led to the emergence of new methods for welding valuable jewelry. The currently existing welding machines for jewelry work can be divided into three types according to the process technology used:

• spot arc welding using a non-consumable electrode;
• electric contact welding;
• welding using a laser.

In addition to these technologies, there is also a diffusion connection. This method should be considered separately from the above, since it is carried out by rather primitive means and does not require the use of complex technical devices.

arc point

The general principle of this jewelery spot welding technology is the same as that of the conventional electric arc process. The source of energy for melting the welded metal is an electric arc ignited between the refractory electrode and the workpiece.

However, there are significant differences between arc devices for jewelry welding and their more powerful industrial counterparts. The main difference is in the mode of the welding process.

The operation of a large industrial welding machine is characterized by a sufficiently long electric arc burning mode (this applies to both consumable and refractory, tungsten or carbon electrode operation).

Jewelry spot electric welding is distinguished by the pulsed nature of the work. The welding arc in this case is a short electric discharge, which, despite this, has time to melt the metal in the welding zone and form a welded joint in a small area (point). For this reason, this type of welding is called spot welding.

The design of the apparatus for jewelry welding has even more significant differences. The voltage source for creating an arc in it is a storage capacitor, which is discharged during the welding pulse.

Device samples

An example of devices for jewelry spot welding is the unit manufactured by Lampert (Germany) and Orion pulse150i (USA).

Both devices are equipped with binoculars, through which you can see the smallest details of the jewelry. To protect the eyes, the eyepieces are equipped with a shutter, which closes at the moment of the arc discharge.

The work is as follows. The jewelry is fixed in the place intended for this, while a special clamp ensures its reliable contact with one pole of the device.

The jeweler touches the item with the electrode in the right place. At this moment, the storage capacitor is discharged, and the movable part of the electrode is automatically retracted, creating a spark gap in which an electric arc burns. At the same time, a portion of argon is supplied through a hole in the center of the electrode.

In the welding process, if necessary, a filler wire can be used that fuses with the material of the product.

Contact

This type of connection of parts does not fundamentally differ from resistance welding, which is widespread in mechanical engineering. The parts to be joined are compressed, and a welding current is passed through their point contact.

An integral connection is formed as a result of plastic deformation of parts under the influence of external pressure and their fusion at the point of contact.

The welding machine for jewelry, based on the resistance welding method, works as follows. The parts to be welded are fixed in a special device that serves as a punch and provides contact with the electric poles of the apparatus, after which (most often by pressing the pedal) the welding current is supplied.

This connection method is often used as a means of temporarily fixing parts for further soldering of the connection.

laser

The principle of laser technology is to melt the edges of the parts to be joined not with an electric arc, but with a laser beam, that is, a coherent beam of light. The radiation source is a solid-state laser using an yttrium aluminum garnet crystal.

This choice is not accidental. The radiation created by this particular mineral is most completely absorbed by precious metals, that is, their heating by this laser is carried out most efficiently.

Laser welding of jewelry is characterized by unique properties:

• the possibility of extremely precise focusing of the beam;
• the possibility of local heating of a very small area of ​​the product surface;
• no need to protect the eyes with tinted glass, which allows you to observe the welding process in the smallest detail.

Laser welding machines differ in size and price. By adjusting the power, you can weld jewelry from various alloys.

Diffusion welding

The essence of the diffusion process is as follows. The contact surfaces of jewelry are polished and thoroughly cleaned, after which they are clamped with great effort between steel plates and heated “red-hot” (to be precise, up to 70 - 80% of the melting point) in a muffle furnace or forge.

When holding blanks in this state for a certain time, at the point of contact of the parts, mutual diffusion of their atoms occurs, which leads to the creation of a strong permanent connection.

With jewelry, both precious and bijouterie, very unpleasant accidents sometimes occur. A broken off earring, a clasp on a brooch, a crack on the medallion will not allow you to wear jewelry as before. Buying a new one will be expensive, and not all Moscow jewelers will agree to undertake repairs. This is a really complex and precious work, which not everyone can do, and even more so, not everyone will be able to perform it with such high quality that the client is satisfied.

Laser soldering in Moscow in the workshop "GoldLazer" solves even the most complex problems. All our specialists have vast experience, so they will repair your jewelry even if it is a very difficult task. The smallest breakages and defects will be eliminated with the help of laser soldering, and there will be no trace of them. Moreover, if your jewelry already has some kind of seam from a previous repair, our specialists can quickly remove it, and your jewelry will look like new again.

Rapid jewelry repair using laser soldering

Usually jewelry repair is required urgently. Unfortunately, not all jewelry workshops in Moscow can offer sufficiently prompt services. In the workshop "GoldLazer" you can order jewelry repair urgently.

Our specialists work not only qualitatively, but also quickly. Professional laser soldering equipment and extensive experience help them to repair any jewelry in the shortest possible time. As a rule, the repair of jewelry in our workshop takes no more than a day.

Laser soldering jewelry - a task for professionals

If your jewelry is dear to you and you want to keep it, then jewelry repair should be trusted only to professionals, otherwise the result may be the most deplorable.

In the workshop "GoldLazer" work jewelers with vast experience who will repair your jewelry quickly and efficiently. All products repaired in our workshop are guaranteed for 6 months.