Do-it-yourself math toys: competitive works. DIY board games DIY toys for girls 5 years old

Clothespin games are perfect for developing fine motor skills. Unfortunately, few parents know why to develop fine motor skills at all. The thing is that the speech and motor centers are located side by side in the cerebral cortex, hence the connection between touch and the development of speech follows. The more your baby touches objects (preferably of various shapes and textures), the less likely he is to have speech problems.

In addition, by developing fine motor skills in a baby, we simultaneously develop his creative potential. And after a while you will notice that it is trying to construct complex models, draw three-dimensional elements, unite and fasten what cannot be fastened by definition. Together with fine motor skills, the logical thinking of the child develops.

With clothespins, you can experiment and come up with different ones on the go.

For the game you will need, first of all, of course, ordinary clothespins. In addition, cardboard figures (rectangle, circle, square, triangle) may come in handy.

Show your baby how to hold the clothespin with three fingers, squeeze and unclench it several times with your hands. Then put the clothespin in the baby’s hand, holding it with your fingers, help them learn how to open and close the “mouth” of the clothespin.

If the baby has learned to deftly handle clothespins, invite him to try to make something from clothespins (if the baby is confused by such a proposal, try to portray a man or something else with clothespins). With a little imagination, you can make interesting toys out of clothespins, for example, an airplane. By attaching one clothespin to the ends of the clothespins, and one more clothespin to the ends of these clothespins, etc. you will get a plane. By placing three clothespins in a row on the table one after the other and pushing them, you will get a completely “real” train. Fantasize with your child, and you will get no less pleasure from games than your baby!

And, of course, let the baby help you hang handkerchiefs after washing and secure them with clothespins. This is a simple task, even for a kid who has played with clothespins more than once, perhaps it will not be so simple.

Attention!

When playing with clothespins, make sure that the child does not pinch his fingers or other parts of the body. It must be remembered that fine motor skills of the hands are a very important process that should not be ignored. Choose clothespins that open easily! And they won't hurt you!!!

Draw sea creatures - a starfish, an octopus, a crab, but only do not draw tentacles for a jellyfish, and paws for a crab. Let the child mark them with clothespins. It's also great to make such hedgehogs without thorns and the sun without rays))

There are many games with clothespins. With their help, you can develop not only fine motor skills, but also learn to count, develop imagination. Today we will play some of them.

Educational toys for children 5-6 years old. Templates. Master class with step by step photos

"What's inside?" making a funny educational toy from clothespins and colored cardboard, a master class with templates

Gorbunova Elena Valerievna, senior educator of the MDOU d / s No. 5 "Zvezdochka", Furmanov.

Description: the master class is intended for educators, teachers of additional education and just creative people, it can be used in working with children from 5-6 years old and older.
The finished toy itself can be used with children of primary preschool age for the development of fine motor skills of babies and during the period of adaptation to kindergarten, to relieve emotional stress.
Clothespin games are also useful for older preschool children, since in them the child uses the thumb and forefinger, which later take on the main burden when writing. When you press the clothespin, a muscular action is performed similar to the movement to hold the handle, and a similar force is applied.
Target: making a funny educational toy from colored cardboard and clothespins.
Tasks:
- continue to learn how to cut parts according to patterns;
- compose images of an object from separate parts
- develop imagination, fantasy, creativity;
- cultivate perseverance and accuracy during the performance of work;
- educate the desire to make a toy with your own hands for kids.
Materials and tools: colored cardboard, glue, scissors, clothespins, templates.

Stroke:
Educator: Guys, very soon kids will come to our kindergarten. It will be very difficult for them to stay without their mother all day. Small, dependent, worry, cry, lose sleep and appetite.
Listen to an excerpt from Tatyana Shapiro's poem:
I don't want to go to kindergarten! -
Vova is crying loudly.
I don't want to go to kindergarten! -
Cries loudly again.
I don't want to go to kindergarten! -
He sobs loudly.
It's here anyway
Mom leaves.

Want to help kids?
To distract kids, you need to switch their attention to activities that bring them joy. Do you like to play? And kids love to play too.
When they get used to kindergarten, we will definitely visit the younger group.
Who has younger siblings? What are you playing with them? What games do your moms play with them? (children remember)
Games are played:
1. Finger game "Magpie-magpie".
2. "Playing with water" - toys fall into a basin of water, children play, remember objects that float - do not swim.
3. "Games with clothespins" - add rays, needles to a hedgehog and others to the sun.
Educator: Here are some fun games you can play with your little ones.
And now I suggest you make a toy with a clothespin and a surprise for the kids. But first, let's stretch our fingers.
"Finger massage with clothespins"
With a clothespin, alternately “bite” the phalanges of the fingers from the index to the little finger and back to each syllable of the poem.
The kitten bites strongly - silly,
He thinks: this is not a finger, but a mouse.
After the first couplet, change hands.
But I'm playing with you baby
And if you bite, I'll tell you "Shoo!"
Educator: Let's start creating gifts-toys. Choose any template you want to use.

Please do not forget about the rules for working with glue and scissors.

We cut out the details according to the templates.

We prepare the top layer (explanation according to the "Tree" template).
Take parts of the crown, connect, but do not overlap, it is better to leave a small distance (cut line).

Stick a trunk on the crown,

On the trunk - a hollow.

When the work dries a little, turn over and cut the tree along the cut line on the crown.

The tree is ready. And we draw a contour for the squirrel, a nose and an eye.

We glue the tree on a clothespin, first the lower part of the crown, after a while the upper one.

We glue the squirrel on the bottom of the clothespin, slightly bending its fiurka from the clothespin so that it does not catch when opening.

The toy is ready.

Other crafts are performed similarly, for children they can be distributed according to the degree of complexity - simple ones - “Cloud and Sun”, “Watermelon”.

Difficult:
- "Wood"

- "Matryoshka"

- "Chick"

many other options can be considered.
Educator: What beautiful toys with a surprise you got. Well done!
Listen to the continuation of Tatyana Shapiro's poem:
... A week has passed,
And then another.
And again, and again
The boy is crying.

- I don't want to go home! -
How to understand this?
Loved Kindergarten
Very boy Vova.
Educator: I think, having received such interesting toys as a gift, our kids, like the boy Vova, will quickly get used to the kindergarten.
Thank you for the wonderful gifts for the little ones.

Similarly, just by turning the clothespin in the other direction (this is how "Matryoshka" has already been done), you can make toys for left-handed children for whom the problem of developing fine motor skills and preparing the hand for writing is extremely important.
Thank you for your attention!

Do you still buy toys in the store? After reading this article, you will want to make toys for children with your own hands.

In order for children to be smart, quick-witted, cheerful, parents must organize conditions for play and creativity. During the game, the child learns everything that surrounds him in life. When playing, the baby perceives information faster. A happy childhood without toys is impossible. Let's talk about how to make toys for children of different ages.

DIY toys for children up to a year

On the shelves of stores you can find a lot of educational toys. But let's be clear about what an educational toy is.

A toy is considered to be a toy with which a child learns something new. We can say that each toy is educational.

After all, even the simplest rattle will teach the baby to control his hands, to understand where the sound comes from. To develop the abilities of your children, it is not necessary to buy expensive fun. You can make simple and useful toys. For example:

• Educational cube. Each side of such a cube is made from different surfaces: smooth, rough, rustling, fabric, yarn. You can add flowers, pockets, applications, whatever your imagination tells you. The cube will be interesting for children up to a year

• figures. From cardboard and colored paper, you can make a toy with figures. The child will get acquainted with colors, shapes. The motor skills of the fingers also develop. Toy from one to two years old

• Development board. Kids will love it from young to old. Thanks to her, logic, fine motor skills develop. The kid can get carried away for a long time by studying all the details of this miracle device.

Video: A simple educational bottle toy

Select toys according to age. Just as a two-year-old baby is unlikely to be interested in rattles, a baby under one year old will not like more intricate toys that require ingenuity.

What toys are suitable for children up to a year? The simplest:

• Little books
• Cubes
• textile balls
• mirror toys

Basic requirements for toys:

1. Safety. Small parts must be well fixed. At this age, children put everything in their mouths.
2. Brightness. Variegated colors are recommended by psychologists for such an early age.
3. Simplicity. Do not complicate the toy. Up to five different textures are enough for a baby at this age.

DIY paper toys for children

• Draw the sun, hedgehog, ladybug. Then decorate them. You can print ready-made figures. Stick on cardboard. Now you can put on clothespins. Great toy for fine motor skills, development of perseverance, learning colors

• Cut out many different shapes: heart, square, triangle, circle. On the container, designate a cell for each shape. Let the kid learn to sort. Logic develops during this game

• Lacing toy. Suitable for children from two years old. At this age, the child will be able to attach the mushroom to the hedgehog, and then tie it with a string. Develops logic, motor skills, coordination of movements

DIY wooden toys for children

Wooden toys are environmentally friendly. Wooden toys cannot be called simple, because their manufacture requires skill and special tools. But if dad or grandfather has golden hands, then wooden toys will settle on a shelf in your nursery.

Wooden toys seem uninteresting to many, but if you decorate them, then from boring they will turn into bright and cheerful.

Below are ideas for making wooden toys.

DIY cardboard toys for children

If you arm yourself with cardboard, glue, scissors, colored paper and unlimited imagination, you can create whole masterpieces. An example is in the next photo.

It seems that cardboard is a fragile material, so toys made from it are short-lived. However, it is worth using the cardboard correctly, adding other elements, and you get a pretty solid toy.

From cardboard you can make trains, animals, cars and other toys that your baby will like.

DIY toys from boxes for children

Children love to play in the houses. They have a whole life there. There they put the dolls to sleep and almost live on their own. There they cook food for their toy friends. You can make a house out of a large cardboard box.

In addition, you can make a children's kitchen.

Many in childhood wanted to visit the TV. You can give your children this opportunity by making a cardboard TV.

DIY thread toys for children

If you know how to knit, be sure to knit a soft toy for your child. A handmade product is especially expensive. Maybe it will be the child's favorite character.

Or just funny little animals.

It is not necessary to knit animals, you can knit soft balls. Put buckwheat or beans inside.

To make a toy out of thread, it is not necessary to be able to knit. You can make dolls out of thread.

Interesting: when there was not such a variety of toys as now, children played with thread dolls.

DIY sock toys for kids

To create toys with your own hands, any materials at hand are suitable, even socks. It would seem, what kind of toys can be made from socks? But you can make very beautiful and interesting toys out of socks.

DIY pom-pom toys for children

Pompom toys are soft and pleasant to the touch. They can be easily made by hand. Make a pom-pom toy with your child; children from two years old will like this activity.

You can buy ready-made pompoms or make your own from yarn.

Pictures of DIY toys for children

With the help of developing cards, you can learn colors, shapes, animals.

Making your own cards is very easy. Print ready-made templates, decorate and study.

You can print ready-made pictures.

You can make puzzles.

DIY craft toy for children

If you want to make an original toy with your own hands, make a bright book with different textures.

Necessary materials:

• Scissors
• Threads
• Scraps of fabric
• Buttons
• accessories
• Sintepon, foil

Master Class:

1. Decide on the size and quantity of your book. Cut out two rectangles from the same fabric
2. Sew the edges, do not sew one edge yet. Insert a piece of synthetic winterizer or foil inside. Then sew the last edge. This will be one spread of your book.
3. Make the rest of the pages
4. Fold them into a book and sew in the middle
5. Decorate the pages as you wish: sew on rustling elements, soft pieces of fabric, buttons or other elements

A simple DIY toy for children

If there is no desire to do complex work, you can make a very simple but useful toy.

Necessary materials:

• Two pieces of felt
• Scissors

Master Class:

1. On one rectangle of felt, draw different shapes.
2. From another piece of felt, cut out the same shapes.

The educational toy is ready. Ask your child to match.

DIY soft toys for children

If you have small pieces of fabric, dispose of them wisely.

For example, sew simple soft toys with your own hands.

A soft big owl can be not only a toy, but also a pillow.

Before handing the finished toy to the child, check again: are all the details sewn tightly, are there any elements that can hurt. Play together with children, develop personality in your child.

Video: DIY touch balls

Evgenia Sidorenkova

Dear colleagues. I want to demonstrate the games with my own hands, which I constantly use and which have gained popularity among my pupils.

1."Tell a new story" TRIZ technologies.

It is very popular with children from 4 years old. Vinyl records (which are spray-painted) are put on the pyramid. On the first one there are images of heroes of familiar fairy tales; on the second - objects from these fairy tales. The manual can be used as Lull's Circles, because the plates are easy to change.

Purpose: To consolidate knowledge of the texts of familiar fairy tales. Learn to compose a new text of a fairy tale depending on the introduction of new objects.

1. “Look, an illustration for which fairy tale is under the arrow” (“Ryaba Hen”); "Find a suitable object" (Testicle).

2. “Spin the circles and see what is under the arrow. (The hero from the fairy tale "Little Red Riding Hood" and the rolling pin from the fairy tale "Fox with a rolling pin") how can the rolling pin help Little Red Riding Hood cope with the wolf?

2. "Pick by color."

Very good game for the little ones! When the youngest pupils come to my group, the very first steps in the study of colors begin with this game. Cardboard boxes are pasted over with colored tape, and inside are balls from a dry pool.

Initially, we poured all the balls into one basket and started sorting by color. But the kids liked to make salutes with shouts of "Hurrah!" and collect on the floor) We are only for activity and good mood!

3. "Cockerel"

The same board game for color perception and hand motility. Tasks may vary. The kids are invited to find the feathers that Petya lost, for example, yellow or green.

4. "Musical Emotions" Triz technologies. This is what the game box looks like.

Purpose: To activate associative thinking and imagination.

a) select appropriate mood pictograms for musical works; (for example, to the play by P. I. Tchaikovsky "Baba Yaga" from the "Children's Album" - a pictogram with an angry expression).

b) select the appropriate illustrations of the “seasons” for the mood pictograms.

By connecting the pictogram with the picture, the child will try to explain this option, showing imagination (for example, if a cheerful pictogram matches a picture of a sad autumn, it can be assumed that it was just a gloomy day that remembered a fun summer, etc.)

5. "Gossamer" We study geometric shapes, develop motor skills and speech.

Suddenly some old man

Our fly in the corner

Povolok -

Wants to kill the poor

Destroy the Tsokotukha!

“Dear guests, help!

Kill the villainous spider!

In our case, win! And complete the task!

6. "Who eats what?"

Animal disk.

Clothespins with food.

This is what a properly assembled game looks like.

7. "Color Cubes"

The kids like the unusual size of our cubes and they always want to answer correctly in order to give the cube to the teacher.

Nastyushka gives a blue cube.

Seryozha is looking for a yellow cube, like the sun.

Related publications:

The period of preschool childhood is a period of intensive sensory development of the child - the improvement of his orientation in external properties.

Didactic games play an important role in the education and upbringing of preschool children. Playing didactic games, children learn about the environment.

Sensory education is a purposeful improvement of sensory processes: sensations, perception, ideas about the external properties of objects:

An alternative to expensive didactic games is handmade games. Each time sorting through the old cubes, the hand does not rise.

1. Game "Domestic and wild animals". 2 pictures are pasted on cardboard: a forest and a village, holes are made and screw necks are inserted.

Do-it-yourself didactic games for children 2-3 years old Collect a bouquet in a vase Purpose: development of sensory abilities in young children ..

Playing in kindergarten is an integral part of children's lives. The game both teaches, and entertains, and reconciles, and soothes. Each educator strives to make the developing game environment of his group richer and richer. What games are most relevant in different age groups and how to make them without spending a lot of time and effort?

Conducting games in kindergarten

The phenomenon of the game has attracted the attention of teachers and psychologists at all times. At first, the game of the child was considered an action aimed solely at obtaining pleasure, joy, serving for entertainment and fun. But serious scientific research by leading experts in the field of pedagogy and child psychology has proved that the game is a powerful tool that can solve the most complex problems of education, upbringing and development of children. Moreover, the lack of games and game actions leads to the most unpleasant consequences: inhibition of intellectual processes, difficulties in socialization, even stress in children.

In preschool educational institutions, games accompany kids almost all the time: in the first and second half of the day, at different regime moments, in classes and walks. This helps not only to fulfill the program requirements, but also helps to strengthen the physical and mental health of the pupils.

Play is vital to a child, almost as much as sleep and food.

The content and objectives of play activities in different periods of childhood

Since the psychology of children of early (third year of life), younger (fourth-fifth) and older (sixth-seventh year) preschool age has its own characteristics, the organization of games during these periods pursues somewhat different tasks that expand and become more complex as children grow up. .

Features of the game activity of children of the third year of life

In the third year of life, the leading activity of the child is still objective, which is gradually being replaced by play, so the basis of games is a variety of practical actions with objects. Story games begin their formation with display games - reflecting what a child sees in the real world. The main types of games at this age are as follows:

• Plot-display - based on the repetition of the actions of adults:
  • "The doll is sick";
  • "Let's treat the dolls with delicious cakes";
  • "Let's dress the doll Dasha for a walk";
  • "Let's ride in the car."
• Imitation games based on poems, songs, fairy tales:
  • “Hares ran across the forest lawn”;
  • "I love my horse";
  • "Birds fly, clean their feathers, peck seeds."
• Construction - with the help of a teacher, children build simple structures according to the model and beat them using small figures of animals, baby dolls, cars:
  • "Sofa and table for dolls";
  • "Slide and swing";
  • "Doggy house";
  • "Road and bridge".
• Directing - the child does not take on the role, but controls the actions of the toys and voices them:
  • the chrysalis rolled down the hill, fell, cries: “Ah-ah!”, we must feel sorry for her;
  • a dog and a cat sit near the house, drank milk from a bowl, went into the house, fell asleep in it, etc.
• Didactic - introduce children to the game task and the rules that should be followed in order to achieve the result:
  • Subject. Usually these are games for fixing sensory standards (color, shape, size). They use all kinds of nesting dolls, turrets, sleeves of different colors and shapes, stringing beads, pyramids, balls, colored clothespins, toys:
    • “Spread the balls by color into boxes”;
    • "Fold the pyramid";
    • "Mushrooms and Christmas trees";
    • "Give the sun rays."
  • Desktop printed. This is a large mosaic, cubes, pictures:
    • "Find the cub";
    • "Fold the picture";
    • "Find a couple."
• Water and sand games:
  • "Footprints in the sand";
  • "Sand Mill";
  • "Caught a fish!"
• Mobile - contribute to the development of physical qualities, dexterity, speed, skills of orientation in space, improve coordination of movements:
  • "Run for me"
  • "Come and don't touch"
  • "Who will be the first to raise the flag."
• Finger - contribute to the development of fine motor skills and finger dexterity, develop speech, learn to coordinate the actions of both hands:
  • "Let's cook porridge"
  • "Doo-doo-doo, pipe",
  • "This finger is a grandfather."
• Dramatization games - children, using masks or clothing items from the dressing corner (kerchiefs, hats, aprons), transform into characters from fairy tales and cartoons.

Tasks of play activity at an early age (according to the educational program "Childhood"):

1. Develop the play experience of each child.
2. Contribute to the reflection in the game of ideas about the surrounding reality.
3. Support the first creative manifestations of children.
4. To cultivate the desire for playful communication with peers.
5. Arouse interest and cultivate a desire to participate in games of an aesthetic orientation.

Early age is characterized by:

1. “Games side by side” - children do not yet interact with each other, but they can share toys with their peers, demonstrate the result of the game to a friend, and are interested in his actions.
2. The dependence of the course of the game on the adult - on their own, kids are not yet able to conceive the plot of the game and support its development, ensure enrichment with new elements.
3. A small inclusion of fantasy, imaginary elements - what is seen in real life, tested on personal experience is used.
4. Animation of the inanimate, the assignment of non-existent properties to objects - not on the basis of fantasizing, but due to a lack of information about phenomena and objects. Children “feed” their favorite car with porridge from a plate in an independent director’s game, they can “plant” a bunny on a tree, because they still don’t know that hares can’t climb trees. In such cases, do not correct children, interrupt the game. The kid has the right to show his imagination, even if it is based on a lack of life experience. But the educator should play a game with him that reflects the real properties of objects: “Let's roll the car along the path, here it is carrying cubes, here we are unloading them”, “The bunny jumps across the lawn, and the squirrel sits on a Christmas tree and gnaws a bump. They saw each other, the squirrel jumped down, and the animals were playing.”

Young children play side by side but do not interact with each other

Playing in early preschool age (4-5 years old)

The younger preschool age is unthinkable without games. This is also reflected in their significant diversity in comparison with the stage of early childhood. The tasks of play activity at this age become more complicated and include:

1. Enriching the themes and types of games, expanding the range of gaming activities. The role-playing game comes to the fore. Children learn to distribute roles, follow them, establish relationships in the game, create an environment using attributes, substitute objects, perform actions according to real and imaginary situations.
2. Development of creative abilities, experimentation, creative approach.
3. Teaching children to more strictly follow the rules, the ability to accept defeat in a competitive game, not to laugh at the loser.
4. Education of friendly, benevolent relationships, the ability to share toys, give in, understand that other children may have a different opinion that must be respected.

Children of the fourth year of life are already learning to share toys, respect other people's interests

Types of games in preschool age:

• Role-playing - children participate in choosing and thinking about the plot of the game, are able to maintain interest in the plot for 12–18 minutes, and sometimes longer, take on and play simplified roles (the doctor listens to the child, the nurse gave an injection, the mother bought in the store products). The game is accompanied by speech explanations: "Our daughters slept, now we will feed them and take them for a walk." Children can use a ready-made play space (garage, hairdresser, room at home), as well as modify and supplement it using substitute items, combine items from two play spaces.
• Director's - acquire a more complex plot, the number of characters increases, now there is not one, but two or more "directors" in the game, who build the overall course of the game quite smoothly and amicably. There is a desire to demonstrate their game to the audience (teacher, other children).
• Improvisation and theatricalization are an adored form of play at a younger preschool age. The rapid development of fantasy encourages the child to imagine himself with everything that he sees around, to imitate and imitate. This is natural, since the game is the fulfillment of desires (according to L. S. Vygotsky), and children at this age want to try themselves in a variety of roles: the sun, and the rain, and the forest animals, and the heroes of fairy tales.

  For younger preschool age, the rapid and high-quality development of the role-playing game is characteristic.

• Experimental games - based on the awakening interest of kids in the world around them and its secrets. Games include:
  • with natural material (sand, water, snow, ice);
  • with objects of nature (sunbeams, soap bubbles, wind);
  • with glasses (in a safe form);
  • with light and shadow;
  • with sounds;
  • with paper.
• Didactic - their value increases, they are used at every lesson and at other regime moments, performing various educational tasks, contributing to the development of thought processes, speech, attention, logic.
• Design - the types and forms of buildings become much more complicated, construction games are combined with other types of games (for example, a house for dolls is being built, in which the director's game "Family" is then unfolding).
• Movable and finger - include more complex movements and rules, they are distinguished by the appearance of leading roles that can be played not only by the teacher, but also by the child.

Senior preschool age - time to prepare for school

Leading psychologists have proven that it is the game that contributes to the rapid and correct formation of life competencies, which will simplify the process of adaptation to school life and help the child in the future:

• the ability to cooperate;
• learning ability, quick mastery of new knowledge and skills;
• sociability;
• the ability to take responsibility;
• the ability to apply knowledge in practice;
• persistent overcoming of difficulties;
• ability to connect events.

Given the increased requirements, the tasks assigned to gaming activities are also becoming more complicated:

1. Develop the ability to conceive and implement the plot of the game (first on the basis of familiar fairy tales and stories, then with partial changes, and by the beginning of the seventh year of life - to create a new plot, showing creativity and imagination).
2. Enrich and expand the range of subjects (farm, bank, museum, supermarket, travel agency).
3. Improve the ability to follow the rules, communicate your opinion on the course and development of the game, listen to your partner, come to a common opinion.
4. Stimulate the activity, independence and creativity of children, encourage the creation of new rules.
5. Cultivate the relationship between children in the game, game cooperation.

Fantasies are added to the games used at the younger preschool age. They imitate not really existing adults with a certain profession (driver, astronaut, builder), but the characters of fairy tales and legends, endowed with properties that even children would like to possess: a fairy, a wizard, a giant, a mermaid.

Such games have great potential in the development of creativity and imagination, but moral education is no less important. Heroes endowed with special abilities should still remain kind: the giant does not break, but helps to build a beautiful city, the wizard does only good miracles. If a child in a fantasy game shows aggression, strives for destruction, this is a signal for the educator to turn to a psychologist.

Techniques for managing a children's game in a preschool educational institution

The methods of organizing and directing children's play are divided into three groups. The first includes those related to enriching children with the necessary knowledge about the world around them, people's activities, a variety of professions and relationships between people:

• excursions;
• observation;
• meetings with people of different professions;
• reading fiction;
• story;
• conversation;
• showing photographs, illustrations, paintings;
• dramatizations of literary works.

Excursion of preschoolers to a pharmacy, store, bank will give a valuable experience that children use in the story game

The second group includes techniques that have as their goal the direct development and formation of gaming activity:

• showing an example of a teacher (how to play, what actions to perform), it is especially important at an early age;
• advice - a suggestion, which plot to use, which attributes are best suited;
• reminder of rules, procedures;
• order;
• clarification;
• promotion.

The third group includes techniques related to the manufacture of game materials, equipment, items for games:

• demonstration of design techniques, making crafts;
• joint implementation of buildings, attributes (books for a toy library, notebooks for a puppet school);
• examining a sample;
• display of diagrams, tables.

Of particular importance in the senior and preparatory groups are games related to the development of the intellect, the mental sphere:

• brain teaser;
• to attention;
• memory;
• the ability to find a non-standard solution, change the situation, be creative.

The variety and richness of children's play activities primarily depends on the educator, on whether he is a creative person, whether he is passionate about his work. After all, it is these qualities that help the teacher to create in the space of the group the very developing playing environment that will stimulate the development of the child and encourage the kids to play.

Homemade games for children of different ages

For the youngest children, the teacher can create games with their own hands, combining various objects, as well as using them in an unusual way. For the most part, these are games for the development of sensory perception and fine motor skills. With the growth of children, games become more complicated, game aids may already be intended for role-playing processes, various types of theatricalization, etc.

Clothespin games

Toddlers are very fond of funny games with clothespins. These are the easiest to make:

1. The main image is selected on which clothespins will be attached.
2. Printed, covered with a protective transparent film to avoid damage and contamination.
3. Then clothespins are also selected according to the color according to the plan.

Photo gallery: templates for games with clothespins

Games with plastic bottle caps

Caps can be screwed onto tops of bottles with necks cut off and glued to the picture. You can make holes in them and use them for stringing, like large beads, and also lay them out by color.

Photo gallery: games with caps

Items for screwing the lids can be very diverse Bright plastic lids are also easy to clean Lids can also be arranged by color into cups

Laces

Here, the playing field consists of an image and details that need to be “laced” to it - attached with laces or thick threads.

Photo gallery: pictures for lacing

Kind and cute pictures like the sun can be given to mom later The child should remember - the car needs wheels The task to attach apples to the apple tree can be used in a lesson about nature Cloud and rain - a good illustration for a travel story Droplets

finger puppets

This manual for finger games does not require material costs and special labor. You just need to print ready-made character templates with finger holes. Children put the doll on their fingers and "walk" with them, performing actions according to the words of the game.

Paper dolls with finger holes make exercise fun

There is also a second version of finger puppets: they are sewn from fabric like thimbles. You can use them for games, gymnastics, theatrical.

Homemade finger puppets based on the fairy tale "Turnip" will captivate kids and arouse interest in a theatrical production

Sensory boxes: varieties, what to fill, what topics to choose

This innovative play equipment gives unlimited scope to the imagination of both the teacher organizing the game and the child. It consists of a spacious plastic container without slots and holes, filled with:

• coarse sand;
• buttons;
• beads;
• small stones;
• groats;
• all kinds of items.

All this can be buried and dug out, rearranged at your discretion, arranged.

The delight of children involved in the sensory box, their enthusiasm is hard to imagine. The kids are just happy to receive such an allowance at their disposal. After all, their field of activity and variety of actions here truly has no boundaries. Sensory boxes for younger children are made with fewer items (8–10), for older children up to 20.

The use of sensory boxes should be carried out under the strict supervision of the educator so that children cannot swallow, put parts of the filler into their nose or ear: cereals, buttons, etc. Keep the boxes closed, and restrict access to them for children.

Young children are offered boxes in which items are not united by a theme. For older children, you can come up with boxes of different themes:

• junior and middle groups:
  • "At my grandmother's in the village";
  • "Forest friends";
  • "Marine life";
  • "Adventures at the Zoo";
• senior group:
  • "Space travels";
  • "In Fairyland"

Photo gallery: sensory boxes of different subjects

The Granny's Village Sensory Box allows kids to recreate summer experiences The Gifts of Autumn Sensory Box is perfect for a seasonal activity The Beach Vacation box is great for older kids with an understanding of the sea The African Animals Box is a great way for kids to learn about the fauna of the hot continent The box "Space Adventures" spurs the imagination and encourages interest in astronomy

Do-it-yourself equipment for role-playing games

Of course, most of the equipment and items for story games are purchased ready-made, in stores. These are all kinds of transport, constructors, strollers, dolls, doll furniture and utensils, toys depicting animals, etc. Without them, the creation of a play environment is unthinkable.

In specialized stores, you can now buy a toy pharmacy, a supermarket, and a parking lot. Children love these toys and enjoy using them. But they experience even greater joy from home-made playground equipment, especially if they themselves took part in its manufacture.

Today, you won’t surprise anyone in kindergarten with the role-playing game “Hospital”, “Kindergarten”, “School”. But to come up with and implement the games "Bank", "Atelier", "Cafe", "Post" is another matter. Many educators, especially young ones, believe that it is very difficult to make equipment for such games, but this is not so.

Organization of the story game "Bank"

This game will require the following equipment and attributes:

• ATM and cash desks;
• plastic cards;
• banknotes;
• checkbooks;
• contract forms;
• telephones;
• calculators;
• “branded” elements of clothing for employees of the “bank”:
  • ties;
  • handkerchiefs;
  • emblems.

An ATM is easy to make from large cardboard boxes, as is the cashier's station. Banknotes can be drawn together with children, having previously examined real banknotes. A distinctive feature of all denominations is a large image of an object in the center (architectural monument, portrait). Given this feature, children can depict the symbol of their group (gnome, Snow White, bell) on homemade banknotes. This will give the game originality: the group will have its own currency.

Getting money from a toy ATM is interesting to all "clients"

It should be remembered that the role-playing game "Bank" in itself will not bring serious benefits, since children will learn only a narrow range of actions (withdraw money from a card, take and give it out at the cash desk). It is important to convey to children that they take money in the bank not just for any purchases, but to open a business, a large business of their own: a store, a farm, construction.

The next day after playing the bank, children should be invited to play in a cafe, atelier, building a house, emphasizing that money for the purchase of the necessary equipment (windows, transport, building materials) was taken from the bank yesterday.

After some time, the game of the bank should be repeated by changing the game tasks - now the “clients” do not take, but return loans, telling how they made a profit, what kind of business they opened, for example: Olya, Tanya and Katya set up a cafe, manufactured and sold a lot of pastries and cakes, now they return the money to the bank, because such an agreement was made from the very beginning.

It’s too early to talk about interest on a loan for preschoolers, they are offered simplified rules for the game: they took and returned the same amount.

The cultural and aesthetic side of the game is of great importance: children need to be reminded that bank employees always look neat, friendly and patient with visitors. It will be great if the tables of the “bank employees” are decorated with flowers, “advertising brochures”, which the children themselves will also draw.

The cashier is very polite with his customer

Making the game "Mail"

Equipment for the game "Mail" is also made from improvised materials:

1. In essence, there are only one or two large items in the game, these are the windows for issuing mail.
2. The rest: parcels, postcards, envelopes, magazines, newspapers - are easily made or assembled, many parents have stocks of old postcards and magazines at home that they will gladly share.
3. With a request to sew attributes from fabric (bags and a postman's uniform), you can contact mother needlewomen.

The production of attributes for the role-playing game "Mail" will not require large expenditures

How to make a game "Atelier"

Equipment and attributes for the game "Atelier" will also help to make responsive parents of kids. Dads are quite capable of making wire hangers and simple mannequins, and moms and grandmothers will sew a dozen elegant dresses. Trimmings of brightly colored fabrics and fashion magazines complete the play environment. But how to play in the studio? It is difficult for children of even the preparatory group to cut and cut fabric, and it will be expensive to constantly update the game materials.

Parents of children will help to create a beautiful atelier for dolls

The solution is simple: use cutting and decorating dresses for paper dolls in the game. Let the children model, invent styles, paint clothes for dolls - but for paper ones and on paper. You can beat it like this: “mother” (a large voluminous doll) brought her “daughter” (paper doll) to have an elegant dress sewn for her.

Little fashion designers will be happy to make paper clothes for dolls and decorate them according to their own imagination.

Creating a motivating environment

In addition to a rich playing environment, it is necessary to create an environment in the group room that develops and motivates to play. So, in order to encourage children to play games that imitate the professional activities of adults, in the zone of plot games, you can place photographs of people of different specialties in elegant frames: a pilot, an astronaut, a sailor, a builder, a teacher, a grain grower. The colorful panel "City of Masters" will decorate the group and will be of great benefit to the development of children, where various houses will be depicted, and in their windows - people engaged in one or another work (baker, seamstress, florist).

The house where the doctor and the seamstress live will become part of the City of Masters

Equipment for improvisational, directorial and theatrical games

Attributes for imitation and theatrical are figurines of fairy-tale characters, as well as hats and masks of various heroes, animals, the sun, clouds, etc. The teacher can print them out by finding templates on the Internet, but can be creative and draw on their own. The same hats and masks can be used for outdoor games. It is easy to make various types of theaters with your own hands: mittens, on cones, theater of boxes, on spoons.

For director's games, sets of medium-sized animals, baby dolls, dolls, as well as furniture and vehicles of the appropriate size are quite suitable. These toys can be taken from sensory boxes and stored separately in open containers for children to access.

Attributes for director's games are conveniently stored in plastic containers or boxes

Attributes for director's games should not have dangerous small parts, and you should also regularly check whether the wheels of cars, handles and legs of small baby dolls and other parts of toys are firmly held.

Making didactic games with your own hands

For full-fledged educational activities, various and interesting didactic games are needed that are appropriate for the age of children and contribute to solving educational problems. These are the games:

• on the development of speech;
• on the study of natural phenomena;
• on the formation of mathematical representations;
• to get acquainted with the subject world;
• other didactic games.

Most of them are desktop-printed, the teacher can make them using a Word text editor or draw them by hand. They are valuable because:

• can be used in class with all children (frontally);
• brightly and aesthetically decorated;
• present complex material in a form accessible to children;
• they also carry a developing and educational load - they bring up love for nature, for animals, respect for man-made objects, friendly relations (many require work in pairs).

Natural history lotto "Seasons" (from the middle group)

1. It is necessary to print out the playing fields (4 or 8 if two subgroups of children play), as well as a set of cards depicting seasonal phenomena (yellow autumn leaf, drops, flowering branch of an apple tree, strawberries).
2. Playing fields are distributed to children sitting around the table, you can give one sheet per table (for a couple of children).
3. Pictures with seasonal phenomena lie in the center of the common table, or they are shown and voiced by the teacher.
4. Children fill in the fields according to the classic lotto rules. The winner is the one who first fills his playing field.

Photo gallery: playing fields "Seasons"

The winner with a “winter” field can be asked to read a poem on the theme of the New Year The game can be included in the lesson plan for directly educational activities on the change of seasons The winner with a summer card can be asked to come up with a story about summer Can be played several times by changing the fields for children

Cognitive game "Living, inanimate, man-made" (senior and preparatory group)

Before playing with children, a series of conversations is held about the origin of objects around us. Children are told that everything around either belongs to the natural world or was created by human hands. To consolidate this information and check whether everyone has learned it, you can play a game on the ability to classify objects by source of origin. Children are given playing fields on which clue objects are depicted. The game task is to arrange a set of pictures on the playing fields in accordance with whether they belong to inanimate or living nature or were made by people.

Photo gallery: playing fields "Living, inanimate, man-made"

You can check if the children understand what “Alive” means (plants and animals) “Inanimate” - cards with weather phenomena and inanimate objects In fact, the game is simple, but useful for mastering the concept of “Man-made”, etc.

The game for mastering the letter "Catch the first sound" (senior and preparatory groups)

1. The playing fields consist of stripes, at the beginning of which there is an icon corresponding to the sound designation in sound analysis (a hard consonant is a blue square, a soft one is green, and a vowel is red).
2. Also, children are given a set of pictures.
3. Game task: highlight the first sound in the word, determine what it is (vowel, consonant, hard or soft) and put the picture on the corresponding strip.

In the game "Catch the first sound" kids not only learn to divide sounds into vowels and consonants, but also determine the hardness and softness of consonants

The game for mastering the letter "Two baskets" (for the preparatory group)

1. The teacher says that two gnomes live in the park not far from the kindergarten. Dwarves collect pictures that start with the first letter of their name. Friends sent them sets of pictures.
2. Children should help the dwarfs arrange the pictures into two baskets, focusing on the first letter of the name.
3. Children are given one playing field per table (work in pairs) and sets of pictures in envelopes (4 for each sound).
4. The playing fields contain images of two baskets, on which a transparent pocket is attached with adhesive tape, where different letters can be inserted. For example, if the gnomes are called Button and Eraser, then the letters in the pockets will be “K” and “L”, and the pictures in the envelopes: cat, candy, pan, potato, fox, watering can, lamp, leaf. The game can have a large number of options.

The game "Two Baskets" teaches older preschoolers to determine not only the first sound in a word, but also the first letter in its spelling

Mathematical game for the middle group "Count and find the right number"

Three (or two at the beginning of the year) stripes depict a certain number of items. Children count them and lay out the desired number in a special window.

In the window on the right, the children lay out the desired number

Attention game for the second junior group "Put the toys in their places"

1. The playing field consists of two lanes.
2. Toys (3-5) are drawn on the top, the bottom part of the sheet (shelf) is empty.
3. The child must arrange the pictures of toys in accordance with how they stand at the top.

This game develops memory, attention, brings up a love of order.

Logic games and puzzles (for the senior group)

In each group of senior preschool age, it is desirable to have a "bank of logic games" in a separate folder or box. These are search games:

• sequences;
• compliance;
• deliberate mistake;
• discrepancies in two images, etc.

These can be printouts of tasks from the Internet, as well as various cut-out pictures, boards with buttons and other items that you can make yourself - often not just games, but full-fledged teaching aids for the development of thinking and logic. It is better if the kids study with them under the supervision of a teacher (and regarding the boards, this is generally a necessity)

Photo gallery: examples of logical tasks and games for older children

It is better for a child to do logical tasks under the supervision of a teacher The task “Which house is next?” will make the kid think Logic tasks can be supplemented with attention tasks Many children love to draw and this is the key to awakening their interest in logical tasks The board with buttons and elastic bands helps children plunge into the world of geometry The board with buttons and an elastic band is also useful in math classes

The structure and time plan of the didactic game

The didactic game does not have a strict time frame, but it has a certain logical structure. Taking into account the use of training time and the degree of complexity of the game action, miniature games are distinguished, which take 3–5 minutes, episode games - 5–10 minutes, and lesson games lasting up to 20 minutes.

The structure of the didactic game:

1. Introductory part. The message of the topic and the game task. Explanation of the rules of the game. It should not be tightened, otherwise the children will lose interest in the game.
2. Main part. Performing game actions (at an early age they are repeated 2-3 times, in the younger preschool 3-4 times, in the older 5-6 times).
3. Final part. Summing up the results of the game, analysis of the results.

Table: summary of the didactic creative game-lesson "Revive the figure" for children of the preparatory group

Stage of the game-class	Stage content
Tasks	To promote the development of imagination, fantasy, the ability to transform an image based on knowledge about the shape of objects of nature and the objective world. Improve the skills of drawing with felt-tip pens, wax crayons, broken appliqué. Develop fine motor skills, eye, creativity, the ability to see the similarity of objects. To cultivate friendships, mutual assistance, the ability to bring the work begun to the end.
materials	Audio recording; landscape sheets of paper with glued geometric shapes of different colors (1 per sheet); colour pencils; wax crayons; markers; colored paper blanks: stripes, circles, squares, triangles.
Introductory part	Educator: - Guys, this morning I passed by our kindergarten and saw two sorceresses. They were talking about us! I managed to record their conversation, listen to what they argued about. Audio recording. The first sorceress: - I like this kindergarten. Here the guys are so funny, inventors, dreamers, they know how and know a lot of interesting things! The second sorceress: - But I do not believe that they can fantasize, they are still small! They probably don't know how to draw or do crafts! Educator: - Of course, I came up and stood up for the guys from our kindergarten, because they really know how and know a lot. But the incredulous sorceress wanted to test you and gave our group a difficult task. Do you want to know which one? (Shows pupils sheets of paper with geometric shapes). She gave me these geometric figures and said that only the very best dreamers and magicians will be able to turn them into objects or even animals. What do you guys think, can we revive these figures? How can this be done? Children read the poem Reviving a figure is very, very simple. You can make a small gnome. Spruce - from a triangle, from a circle - a bug. Or even an apple, or a worm. Let's call on our imagination. And the pictures will come out to everyone's surprise.
Main part	Educator: - Wonderful! So we can easily get the job done. But let's remember the rules of the game: on a sheet, you can only draw parts of the image, and not whole objects; work must be done very carefully so that they look beautiful and elegant; the one who does the work earlier does not make noise, but takes another sheet and makes a second picture or helps a neighbor; it is more important not to do the work of the very first, but that all the guys cope with it. Let's get our fingers ready. Finger gymnastics "Fingers are not afraid of work": Our fingers played (lanterns), And now it's time to work (collect fingers in the lock, squeeze and unclench). They are not afraid of work (shake a finger), They want to work hard (tap fist on fist). They know how to sculpt pies (imitation of modeling) And they play the pipe (imitation of playing the pipe). And they drive a car (steering simulation) And the flowers are watered (they pour imaginary water from folded palms). So we stretched our fingers, we can complete the task. Choose shapes and get to work. To the quiet cheerful music, children perform work, enliven geometric shapes, finishing the details or performing them using the broken appliqué technique. From the circle you can do: fish, Sun, bug, pig, chicken, hedgehog, Apple. From square: house, mat, television, body car. From triangle: gnome in a cap Christmas tree, boat, ice cream. From rectangle: mushroom (rectangle - leg), multi-storey building, tree with branches and leaves, cabinet with shelves.
Final part	The educator, together with the children, examines the work, discusses, questions the children about their ideas, praises them for their imagination. Children's works are made in the form of a decorative frieze and exhibited at the bottom of the group's windows, "so that they can be seen by an incredulous sorceress."
logical conclusion	The logical conclusion of the lesson is the work of the educator the next day. The teacher brings a bright box to the group and informs the kids that she has met an incredulous sorceress. She saw beautiful pictures that the children "revived" and realized that the guys are real dreamers and masters. The sorceress asks the children for forgiveness for her incredulity and gives them gifts. The box contains medals with the image of a cheerful little man and the inscription "To the Best Dreamer". Medals and sheets with geometric shapes must be made with a margin. Because the game was free-roam as a stand-alone art activity, some children might refuse to play it. Also, children who were not there yesterday can come to the group. Naturally, after such a continuation of events, they will also want to make a “living figure” and receive a medal from the sorceress. The teacher must provide all children who have not previously participated in the game with such an opportunity. And those who have already completed the task will help their comrades.

Childhood is a time of joy and wonderful discoveries. It's great if it takes place in the game: useful, exciting, developing. Employees of preschool educational institutions make every effort to make every day of the child's stay in the garden bright, unforgettable and fun. And help them in this a variety of games, sometimes unusual and magical, as well as fantasy and pedagogical skills. With a teacher who fills the space of his group with a variety of materials for games that stimulate children's thinking and creativity, pupils grow up as real skills and curiosities.