MOU DOD "Children's School of Arts", Kolpashevo

Methodical development of a control lesson on the topic:

"Holidays of the solar calendar" subject: Listening to music Grade 3

Explanatory note.

The subject "Listening to Music" contributes to the formation of a child's view of the world as a whole: the world is one, and the art of music is an integral part. When passing through musical material, children often have associations with natural phenomena, psychological states of a person, and historical events in the life of mankind. The child must learn to recognize the world of musical sounds as a special reality, which can only be entered through the sensory perception of music. It is necessary to captivate, interest the child, making the process of listening a vivid emotional experience. Creative tasks, exhibitions of drawings, thematic lessons, class hours help to identify the knowledge, skills and abilities of students.

The proposed methodological development of the control lesson conducted with 3rd grade students includes the following aspects:

learning and performing folk songs and games,

memorization of folk holidays,

learning sayings, riddles, tongue twisters about the seasons,

· collecting old household items to decorate a corner of a Russian hut.

The purpose of this methodological development: to show one of the forms of conducting a control lesson on the subject "Listening to music".

development and maintenance of interest in the lessons "Listening to music",

Improving performance skills

the use of interdisciplinary connections between different types of art (music, folklore, history),

Involvement of students in independent work.

To achieve the goals and objectives outlined above, the children studied the customs and traditions of folk holidays, got acquainted with the household items of our ancestors, learned songs and games. We independently picked up proverbs and sayings that reflect the change of seasons, and also prepared riddles.

From the proposed and studied material, it was necessary to choose only what relates to the holidays of the solar calendar.

Time required for the lesson: 45 minutes (one lesson)

Class equipment: an exhibition of peasant household items that children collected with the help of their parents; poster "Solar calendar", (it marks the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes, the days of the summer and winter solstice); a wreath (for the performance of a round dance), cookies in the form of birds (for the performance of calls), sweets for presenting carolers, grain for carolers, a music center.

Course progress.

Introductory speech of the teacher:

Dear children, dear guests. We inherited real treasures from our ancestors - the ancient Slavs - songs, games, dances, tongue twisters, proverbs, round dances. They tell about the life of people in ancient times, what they believed, what they feared, who they worshiped. These traditions and customs were passed down from generation to generation. Folk art is called folklore.

Teacher's question (hereinafter Y-): What does this English word mean?

The answer of the children (hereinafter D-): Folk - people, lore - knowledge, wisdom.

U - Yes, folk art is folk wisdom. The daily life of our ancestors depended on the season, on natural phenomena, since they were mainly farmers. In folklore works, references to the forces of nature are often found. they were treated as living beings, animated them, endowing them with the qualities of a person, deified nature.

For example: Frost ... - (father), Earth ... - (mother), Spring ... - (well done).

They had special reverence and respect for natural phenomena that depend on the sun. It was their main deity.

W. - What was the name of the sun in ancient times?

D - Yarilo.

W - Well done. Yarila - the sun and holidays, depending on the movement of the Earth around the sun, our meeting is dedicated. Holidays are repeated from year to year, in a circle. And the circle is a symbol of the sun - for many peoples the circle of the spiritual life of the people, a symbol of eternity.

U - What are the symbols of the sun in our life?

D - Pancakes, a round dance, a fire, horseback riding in a circle ...

The calendar year is also a circle. In modern life, several calendars have been combined.

U - What are these calendars?

D - Agricultural, Orthodox, state.

U - What month does the year begin in our time?

U - Pay attention to the color of the "sun" that marked this day on the poster?

D - This color is orange, it is warm. After all, the rays of the sun are getting warmer and warmer every day.

U - And what signs of spring do we still know?

D - Birds are flying, ...

W - Well done guys. In ancient times, in order for birds to fly faster, children called them. To do this, they baked cookies in the form of birds, attached them to a pole, went out into the field or into the yard and sang songs.

(Performed "Oh, waders")

Teacher: Spring has come with joy,

With great joy, rich mercy.

With tall flax, with deep roots,

With abundant bread, with heavy rain.

We are tired of winter, we have eaten all the bread.

Spring was greeted as a long-awaited guest. This time of the year was called ... (lyalya) - the childhood of the year. Fun games and round dances began, many of which are associated with spring field work.

(The game round dance song “And we sowed millet” is performed)

U - Characteristic features of this song?

D - Variable mode, participants line up in columns.

The sun bakes, the linden blossoms,

The rye is earing, the wheat is golden.

Who's to say, who knows when it happens?

D - Summer has come, and according to the old swell - beauty, youth.

Q - What is the name of the longest summer day?

D - Summer saline.

U - Why is this day marked in red on our solar calendar?

D - Day of the Yarila-sun, it turns to winter, and light and heat reach their greatest strength.

U - On the ancient holiday of Ivan Kupala, songs sounded throughout the day and night. Rites and games were associated with water and fire. Boys and girls went to the river, swam, lit fires and jumped over them. Fire - the personification of the sun - gives strength and burns all ailments. They came up with various games and entertainment.

(Game "Egorka")

U - Bathing night is the most mysterious: after all, on this night, according to legend, all evil spirits come to life. The goblin lures into the forest, the mermaids drag him into the river, the fern blossoms. Whoever finds this flower will find his happiness. The girls wondered about the betrothed, dropping a wreath into the river.

(Round dance "I walk with a loach")

U - What kind of round dance did we perform?

D - Round dance "snake".

U - After the hot summer comes the joyful time to harvest berries and mushrooms. This is also reflected in folklore.

(The game "At the bear in the forest")

U - Harvest holidays will pass - zazhinki, dozhinki - everything is cleaned, tidied up.

The rainy season has come.

On the grass in the morning the frost is like gray.

Leaves fall from trees. A dank one is coming ... (autumn).

(the soundtrack "Autumn on the threshold" sounds - a joke).

U - What is the significance of the day of September 22 and why is it marked in yellow on our calendar?

U - Dark nights, short days will come very soon. By the light of a torch, and later by the light of a kerosene lamp, women spun yarn, wove linen, rugs. Needlework: knitting, sewing, embroidering. Near the Russian stove - they cooked food in it, slept on it, warmed up frozen bones - there was always some kind of female needlework. Sitting without work on a weekday was considered the height of indecency. The owner of the house - a man - also did not sit idle: he repaired or sewed shoes, made household utensils, household items. Jack of all trades had to be a master, he is the support of the family.

We consider ancient items collected by students and the teacher: sheep shearing scissors, wooden spoons, iron chopping, spinning wheel, butter churn, tablecloth, homespun towel and rug, knitted tablecloth. Children notice that many things are very old.<Рисунок 2,3,4>.

U - The Russian stove was the center of any village house. Adults near the stove and children nearby. Everyone notices, everyone learns. Not all children could attend classes at school, and they were not always and everywhere. Therefore, children received a lot of knowledge through proverbs and sayings, epics, tongue twisters, fairy tales.

(We ask each other old riddles about natural phenomena)

And adult boys and girls gathered for gatherings in the largest hut. The guys were looking for brides - it's time to play autumn weddings. Songs of praise were often sung.

(We perform “And who is our big guest”)

U - Determine the type of round dance? (circular).

Frozen puddles. Darkness covered.

The cold has come, it has come ... (winter).

Q - What was the name of this season in the old days?

D - Zyuzya. Very cold. It seems that all nature has fallen asleep.

The sun shines very sparingly, rising above the horizon lower and lower. Another remarkable day is marked on our solar calendar. This is ... (December 21 - winter saline). That's right guys. And even our sun, with which we celebrated this day, is light yellow. The sun to shine brighter and get hotter could be helped by certain actions of people.

W - What did the people do?

D - They burned bonfires, rolled burning wheels from the mountains. The holiday of Kolyada, the solar deity, began. Youth and children went around the yards singing carols, avsenek, tausenek, schedrovok (the name depends on the chorus) congratulating the owners on the holiday. The hosts presented carolers with gifts.

(We perform "Sei-veya, I sing")

And for the greedy and the stingy they sang reproachful songs.

(We perform “Avsen, Avsen! Tomorrow is a new day!”)

(Each child receives a small gift.)

Teacher: The Kolyada holiday will fly by quickly. Every day the sun shines brighter and longer. Life goes on. But before the next spring equinox, there is another holiday that brings spring closer.

Q - What is the name of this holiday?

D - This is Maslenitsa, a holiday of the lunar calendar.

W - But that's another story.

Summing up the test lesson:

-What songs, games did you like?

What types of round dances did you get acquainted with?

We set marks by discussing with the children the work of each child.

Literature.

2. A. Nekrylova, Russian Agricultural Calendar, Moscow, Pravda Publishing House, 1989.

3. N. Tsareva, "Listening to music", ROSMEN, Moscow, 1998.

4. N. Tsareva, “Lessons of Mrs. Melody”, ROSMEN, Moscow, 2002.

5. M. Shornikova, "Musical literature, 3rd year of study", Rostov-on-Don, "Phoenix", 2007.

These holidays still remain in their places, and it is everyone's business to celebrate them or not.

1. Holiday Komoyeditsa- meeting of the sacred Spring on the morning of the Spring Equinox (beginning of astronomical spring).
It was the onset of the New Year of our ancient ancestors.
After this holiday, a new agricultural year began.

KOMOEDITSA (or Komoyeditsa) - one of the oldest great Slavic pagan holidays; in addition to the main meaning of the sacred holiday of the meeting of the onset of Spring granted by the sky and the beginning of the New Year, it also had the character of veneration of the local Slavic Bear God: a sacrifice to the great Honey Beast Who with the first baked holiday pancakes, which were solemnly taken to the forest. Hence the proverb "The first pancake is coma."
komoeditsa- a very ancient celebration of European peoples, which has existed since deep pre-antique times. In Ancient Hellas this spring holiday was called Comedy(bear holiday), where did the ancient comedy come from. The modern name of the beast was previously allegorical (the “real” name cannot be pronounced aloud so as not to be called by chance): “bear” is in charge of honey. It is quite ancient: not "bear", but "bear". Gradually, this name took root, becoming "real". After that, it began to be supplanted by new allegories: “bear”, “toptygin”, “clubfoot”, etc. The ancient name "Kom" may also be allegorical: the bear looks like a large woolen ball due to its apparent clumsiness. Perhaps the primordial name is contained in the name of the bear's house: lair - "ber's lair"? Hence the "berendey" ...
Our Slavic ancestors celebrated Komoyeditsy on the sacred Day of the spring equinox (according to the modern calendar in different years on March 20 or 21), after which the day becomes longer than the night, when nature awakens and the Yarilo-sun melts the snow.
A fun 2-week celebration of Komoyeditsa began a week before the Spring Equinox and lasted a week after.

NOTE. On the day of the spring equinox, the fabulous Snow Maiden melted - it was Winter that left and gave way to Spring. AT cartoon "Snegurochka" 1952 an attempt was made to reconstruct the customs of the ancient Slavic holiday of Komoyeditsa and the meeting of the sacred Spring.
Struggling with the wise folk tradition, the clergy struggled for a long time and unsuccessfully with the holiday of Komoyeditsy. Much later, in the 16th century, the clergy, instead of the Komoyeditsa, which they had forbidden, established a new church holiday, moved almost a month closer to the beginning of the year, and called it "cheese week" (or "meat-fare week", because this week the church forbade people eat meat).
And the Slavs began to call this new church holiday Maslenitsa, because this week before Lent, the clergy were allowed to eat butter, cottage cheese and cheese.
In the old days, on the holiday of Komoyeditsa, after a long, boring Winter, people celebrated Spring and the Slavic New Year, and also cheered up before the start of agricultural work, which began immediately after the holiday. At the end of the celebration, the Komoyeditsy merrily burned an effigy of Marena (Winter).
The Church Maslenitsa (Cheese Week), postponed to the beginning of the year, has the meaning of preparing for Great Lent, because. it is too early to meet Spring and cheer up before field work - for a long time there will be snow on the fields, circling icy blizzards and blizzards.

2. Kupail holiday - a meeting of the sunrise of the summer sun in the morning of the Summer Solstice (the beginning of astronomical summer).

God of the mighty summer sun Kupail

Summer Solstice June 21- the day of the pagan god Kupail (summer whirl) - the great holiday of the religion of the druids (Magi).
The holiday is preceded by 7 days Mermaid week. These days are dedicated to the goddesses of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. On the Mermaid Week, they did not swim without special need, so as not to disturb the water deities preparing for the summer festival.
On the night before Kupail the pagans of all Europe merrily feasted and washed themselves in the reservoirs, then solemnly welcomed dawn of the longest day of the year, the girls wove wreaths and let them float on the water. From that day on, they began to bathe in the rivers every day.
The celebration went on all day. The next day they started work again - the time of intense summer work did not allow them to celebrate for a long time.

The night before the holiday of Kupaila - the Day of the summer solstice

Magic Night on the Eve of Kupail

They believed that whoever finds a flowering fern that night will find a treasure.
And although ferns do not bloom, but reproduce by spores, it very rarely happens that a fern glows in the dark due to microorganisms that have settled on it (the ancients thought it was flowering). Finding such a fern is indeed a rare success, but it will not bring any treasure.

THE SANCTUARY OF THE NUMBER-BOD.
The morning of the Summer Solstice is a solemn meeting by the Slavs of the rising of the summer sun, which comes into its own.

Day of celebration of Kupail. Offering wreaths to the spirits of the river

KUPAYLY HOLIDAY IN CHRISTIAN TIMES
Because the pagan day of Kupayla fell on the Christian petrovsky post(it is impossible to celebrate during fasting), but the church could not defeat this national holiday, like Maslenitsa, the priests "transferred" it to the Nativity of John the Baptist - to June 24 according to Art. style (July 7, according to a new style), the first day after Petrovsky Lent, and renamed Ivan Kupala Day(the name of the church holiday was associated with the fact that John the Baptist baptized Christ bathing in the Jordan River).
Thus, another false church "holiday" appeared, devoid of the former deep meaning of the unity of man and all earthly nature with the great heavenly universe.

(to be continued)

• < Богиня Яга
• Great solar holidays of our ancient Slavic ancestors (part 2) >

The Druid/Sorcerer solar calendar has always been accurate, as was tied not to the number of days in the year (it, like ours today, could change), but to the astronomical events of four days - the summer and winter solstices and the spring and autumn equinoxes, which occur in nature regardless of any calendar.

The days of these 4 annual astronomical events, so important for people and all nature, were the most important and most sacred holidays of our ancestors.

Now from these Vedic holidays we have only last and most magical 12th Yule Night- now it's ours New year's night.

Little information has been preserved about that ancient calendar of the druids / sorcerers. Somewhat later, the ancient Slavs had such a calendar:

The week consisted of nine days: Monday; Tuesday; triplet; Thursday; Friday; sixth; week; octopus; a week;

AT month It was 41 and 40 days in turn.

AT summer(in a year) there were 9 months each, which corresponds to 365 days.

(Since the time of Peter I, “summer” has been called “year”, which is translated from German as “god”) Every 16th summer (year) was sacred, and in it all months had 41 days, i.e. 369 days in the sacred summer (year). (The word “summer” in the sense of “year” has survived to this day in several Russian phrases, for example: “How many years have passed since then”, “How old are you?”.)

Four great Slavic Vedic holidays, as well as similar holidays of the European pagan religion of the Druids-Magi, focused on the natural solar cycle, expressed in four annually repeated annual incarnations of the sun god.

Among the Slavs, the annual incarnations of the sun god had the following names:

1) born in a new morning after the night of the winter solstice, the sun baby Kolyada,

2) spring growing stronger Sun - young man Yarilo,

3) summer mighty Sun- Kupail's husband,

4) aging and the weakening autumn sun old man Svetovit, dying at sunset before the night of the winter solstice.

The natural boundaries between the four Vedic hypostases of the annually born, gaining strength, then aging and dying god - the Sun (four changes of the seasons) are annual astronomical events important for the life of our entire planet, on which the natural calendar of the druids-sorcerers was built in former times:

1) night of the winter solstice(the longest night of the year, after which the day begins to gradually lengthen, beginning of astronomical winter) - 2nd Yule Night - Solstice - still weak winter Sun-baby Kolyada reborn renewed at sunrise after the Night of the winter solstice and, as the small children's forces grow, every day rises higher in the sky;

2) Day of spring equinox(gradually lengthening day became equal to night) - holiday of the long-awaited Spring Comoeditsa- gaining momentum spring sun-young man Yarilo melts the snow, drives away the annoying Winter and grants Nature the onset of Spring ( beginning of astronomical spring);

3) Summer Solstice(the longest day of the year) - summer holiday Kupail - the mighty summer sun-husband of Kupail comes into its own (beginning of astronomical summer);

4) Autumn equinox day(gradually shortening day became equal to night) - autumn holiday Veresen(or Tausen), beginning of astronomical autumn,- the former summer sun-Kupaila turns into a gradually losing strength wise autumn sun-old man Svetovit, then dying at sunset before the Night of the Winter Solstice ( beginning of astronomical winter), so that the next morning after this Night, it will again be reborn as a renewed sun-baby Kolyada, again gaining its solar power.

In modern tradition, these annual New Year's disappearances of the old and the birth of the new are perceived by people as a symbolic New Year's transmission of the baton of renewed life from the old man of the Old Year to the baby New Year.

This solar cycle, the four Slavic incarnations of the Sun - Kolyada-Yarilo-Kupaila-Svetovit, repeats from year to year, and the whole life of people, animals, birds, plants and all terrestrial Nature depends on it, as well as on the daily change of day and night.

1. komoeditsa- 2 week celebration Spring equinox day(beginning of astronomical spring), farewell to Winter and burning of the effigy of Madder(Winters) solemn meeting of Spring and the beginning of the Old Slavic New Year.

Komoyeditsa (or Komoyeditsa) during the time of the Druids (Magi) and until the 16th century - a pagan celebration of the sacred Day of the vernal equinox (March 20 or 21 according to the modern calendar, the beginning of astronomical spring), after which the day begins to become longer than the night, the Yarilo-sun melts the snow, nature awakens with spring power, and the celebration of the beginning of the New Year according to the ancient Slavic solar calendar (in Russia until 1492, March opened the account for the New Year).

komoeditsa- one of the oldest Vedic Slavic holidays. In addition to celebrating the sacred entry of Spring into its own rights, the Slavic Bear God was also revered on this day: they made "pancake sacrifices" to the great Honey Beast. The ancient Slavs called the bear Kom (hence - "the first pancake to the koms", i.e. bears).

From time immemorial, people have perceived spring as the beginning of a new life and revered the Sun, which gives life and strength to all living things. In ancient times, in honor of the sun, the Slavs baked unleavened cakes, and when they learned how to make leavened dough (IX century), they began to bake pancakes.

The ancients considered the pancake a symbol of the sun., since it, like the sun, is yellow, round and hot, and they believed that together with the pancake they eat a piece of its warmth and power.

Also among the ancients, cheesecakes were a symbol of the sun.. The 2-week Vedic holiday of Komoyeditsa began to celebrate a week before the day of the spring equinox and continued the festival a week after.

For these two weeks, the relatives of each Slavic clan gathered together for many days of celebration and rituals. In pre-Christian antiquity, the holiday consisted of various ritual actions of a magical-religious nature, interspersed with merry games and feasts, which, gradually changing, then passed into later traditional folk customs and rituals (burning a straw effigy of Winter, baking sacrificial bread - pancakes, dressing up and etc.).

For many centuries, Komoyeditsa has retained the character of a wide folk festival, accompanied by feasts, games, competitions in strength, and fast horseback riding.

In those ancient times, the 2-week celebration of Komoyeditsa was of great functional importance for the Slavs - after the past long and cold, and often half-starved winter, when there was little work, the Slavs had to eat the remnants of food carefully preserved after winter, cheer up and strengthen their strength for the upcoming intense field and other work, after the onset of astronomical spring, continuously continued throughout the warm season.

At that time, there were no current weekly days off, and people worked unceasingly from sunrise to sunset throughout the short Russian summer to provide food for themselves and their pets for the entire coming long and cold Russian winter, to store fuel, to repair or rebuild their homes, premises for livestock, prepare clothes, etc. (as they said, “prepare the sleigh in the summer ...”).

Immediately after the holiday, people turned to hard agricultural work, which continued throughout the warm season.

The original pagan meaning of the ancient sacred holiday of Komoyeditsa, the beginning of the Slavic New Year, which until the 14th century in Russia began in March and was associated with the day of the vernal equinox, when the Slavs solemnly welcomed the sacred Spring, has long been lost.

After the adoption of Christianity in Russia and the ensuing ban on pagan customs, Christian clergy and authorities struggled for a long time and unsuccessfully with the traditional folk pagan holiday. and now in Russia) recognized all religions, and strictly forbade them to fight among themselves.

The Tatars mercilessly punished the inter-confessional struggle on the spot, simply breaking the back of the too enthusiastic fighters of any religious fundamentalism by pulling their heels to the back of their heads.

But even after that, it was precisely the former Slavic paganism, which among the Russian people represented the main competition for Christian churchmen, that the Orthodox Church could not stand, fighting with it in the most cruel ways.

A new surge in the fierce struggle of the church against folk Slavic paganism began after the collapse of the Great Mughal Empire of Tartaria, which hitherto included Russia.

When, for several centuries, the Christian Church still did not achieve success in the forceful struggle against the wise folk tradition, which they waged in the most cruel ways, the church archpastors applied the well-known Jesuit trick: " If you cannot defeat the enemy, unite with him and destroy him from the inside".

In the 16th century, Cheese Week (Maslenitsa) was adopted by the Church to replace the forbidden Slavic Komoyeditsa. And soon the people forgot their ancient Komoeditsa, but began to celebrate Maslenitsa with the same rampant pagan scope.

"Substitute" CHRISTIAN HOLIDAYS ESTABLISHED BY THE CHURCH TO REPLACE THE GREAT PAGAN SOLAR HOLIDAYS

1) Now Maslenitsa (cheese week)- this is one of the four holidays of the Russian Orthodox Church, introduced by Christians to replace the previous Vedic solar holidays (and "shifted" in time to varying degrees so that they do not coincide with pagan celebrations and do not fall on Christian posts when it is forbidden to celebrate). Because The day of the vernal equinox falls on the Christian Great Lent, Maslenitsa was shifted by the clergy to the last week before Great Lent and lost the ancient meaning of the solemn meeting of astronomical spring.

2) The second "replacement" holiday - the Orthodox day of Ivan Kupala, replacing Slavic Kupail Day(the day the mighty summer sun-Kupaila comes into its own), a pagan celebration of the Summer Solstice. The ritual part of the Christian holiday of Ivan Kupala is timed to coincide with the birthday of John the Baptist - June 24th. Since the Russian Orthodox Church lives according to the old style, the date of birth of John the Baptist (June 24 according to the old style) falls on July 7 according to the new style.

3) The third is the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, replacing the former Slavic Veresen, a pagan celebration of the entry into the rights of the aging wise autumn sun-old man Svetovit on the Day of the autumn equinox, the ancient holiday of the harvest. The Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos is celebrated on September 21 according to the new style (September 8 according to the old style), i.e. on the day of the autumnal equinox.

4) Fourth - Christmas, in 273 AD. e. replacing the pagan celebration of the Nativity of the sun-baby Kolyada in the morning after the Night of the winter solstice (the longest night of the year). In the world, Christmas is celebrated on December 25th. Russian Orthodox living according to the old Julian calendar also celebrate this holiday on December 25, according to Art. style, i.e. January 7, new style.

The significant "shift" to the beginning of the year of the church holiday that replaced Komoyeditsa made the interpretation of the current Shrovetide in the ancient pagan way - as "seeing off winter and meeting spring" - at this time too early to meet spring among the snows and winter cold, especially in Russia with its cold climate. The new church holiday began to be called "cheese" or "meat-fat" week (week).

Church "cheese week" began to precede Great Lent. In "cheese week" the Church Charter already forbids believers to eat meat, but allows butter, dairy products, eggs and fish. From these products allowed by the church calendar, the holiday soon, in the same 16th century, acquired its second, popular name - Shrovetide.

But even the former folk Slavic holiday of Komoyeditsa, "transferred" by the church, retained some of its pagan customs, turning into a folk Maslenitsa in the 16th century. The traditions of the Russian folk Maslenitsa were finally consolidated in the 18th century through the efforts of the Russian Emperor Peter I, a great lover of all kinds of reckless festivities.

2. Kupail- Celebration of the Summer Solstice. Summer Solstice Day June 21 - the day of the pagan god Kupaila (summer whirl, the beginning of astronomical summer) - the great holiday of the Druids / Magi. The holiday is preceded by 7 days of the Mermaid Week. These days are dedicated to the goddesses of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. On the Mermaid Week, they did not swim without special need, so as not to disturb the water deities preparing for the summer festival.

On the night before Kupaila, pagans from all over Europe merrily feasted and bathed in ponds, then solemnly met the dawn of the longest day of the year, the girls wove wreaths and let them float on the water. From that day on, they began to bathe in the rivers every day. The celebration went on all day. The next day they started work again - the time of intense summer work did not allow us to celebrate for a long time.

Slavs. The night before Kupaila Day.

Magic Night on the Eve of Kupail.

They believed that whoever finds a flowering fern that night will find a treasure. And although ferns do not bloom, but reproduce by spores, it very rarely happens that a fern glows in the dark due to microorganisms that have settled on it (the ancients thought it was flowering). Finding such a fern is indeed a rare success, but it will not bring any treasure.

Kupail (Day of Kupail) - Day of the summer solstice. A festive meeting by the Slavs of the sunrise of the summer sun, which has matured and gained full strength, at dawn turned from the Sun-young Yarila into the mighty Sun-husband Kupaila (some Slavic tribes called Dazhbog).

Day of celebration of Kupail. Offering wreaths to the spirits of the river.

Because the pagan day of Kupaila fell on the Christian Petrovsky fast (it is impossible to celebrate during fasting), but the church could not defeat this folk holiday, like Maslenitsa, the Christians "transferred" it to the Nativity of John the Baptist - on July 7, the first day after the Petrovsky fast, and renamed the day of Ivan Kupala (the name of the church holiday was associated with the fact that John the Baptist baptized Christ by bathing in the Jordan River).

Thus, another false church "holiday" appeared, devoid of the former deep meaning of the unity of man and all earthly nature with the great heavenly universe.

3. Veresen- 2-week celebration of the Autumn Equinox (one week before the Autumn Equinox and one week after).

"Indian Summer" - the last week of the astronomical summer, the first week of the autumn celebration.

The picture shows a reconstruction of the ancient pagan temple of the god Khors.

Veresen (Tausen, Ovsen, Avsen, Usen, Autumn, Radogoshch- the name of the holiday, depending on the dialect of the area) - the great Slavic pagan holiday of the Day of the autumnal equinox (the beginning of astronomical autumn). On this day, the mighty Sun-husband Kupail (Dazhbog) becomes the wise weakening Sun-old Svetovit.

Also, this holiday was associated with the end of agricultural work.

The celebration began a week before the Autumn Equinox and continued a week after.

At this time, the crop was harvested and counted, stocks for the next year have already been made. In the bins, abundance from the harvest. The harvest festival was celebrated with wide hospitality.

The weakening autumn Sun was festively celebrated - a source of light, warmth, fertility, which gave the harvest.

The ancient Slavs celebrated this holiday by lighting bonfires and autumn round dances - they said goodbye to summer and met autumn. They had fun, baked big holiday pies in order to reap a good harvest next year.

On the day of the Autumn Equinox, the Slavs renewed the fire in the huts - the old one was extinguished, and the new one was lit. Large sheaves were placed in the house. They wished each other that the next year would be fruitful.

In Christian times, a 2-week Slavic holiday Veresen was replaced by a one day celebration Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, which is celebrated on September 21 according to the new style (September 8 according to the old style).

4. Yule-Solstice - a 2-week celebration of the Nativity of the renewed Sun-baby Kolyada, again gaining its solar power after the Night of the Winter Solstice (the beginning of astronomical winter).

Our Modern Magical New Year's Eve (End of 12th Yule Night), Lustrous Christmas Tree Evergreen, Yule Wreath (now called "Christmas Wreath"), New Year's Eve Candles (Yule Lights), Almighty pagan god Santa Claus, masquerade masks and costumes, processions of mummers, confectionery cream, biscuit and chocolate "logs" (symbols of "Yule log"), Women's Day (in those days - December 20 before the Night of the Winter Solstice) is a legacy of the traditions of the great sacred Yule, a cheerful 2-week pagan winter holiday of our ancient ancestors, with which they celebrated the birth of the renewed sun.

Yule Solstice- the greatest and most sacred 2-week holiday of our pagan ancestors. Now we celebrate only the last, most magical 12th Yule Night

— This is our New Year's Eve.

When the late autumn Sun-old man Svetovit becomes completely old and loses its former strength, it will die at sunset before the Night of the Winter Solstice, in order to be reborn again in the morning as a renewed and gradually gaining new strength Baby Sun Kolyada.

The mysterious longest night of the winter solstice, when the old Sun-Shining has already died, and the new Sun-Kolyada has not yet been born - this, according to the beliefs of the ancients, is a fabulous mystical gap in time, timelessness, in which spirits and dark forces rule.

It is possible to resist these forces only by gathering with the whole family for a joint cheerful feast celebration. Dark spirits are powerless against the general fun.

But woe to that kinsman who will remain alone that night, outside his kind-tribe, without close people nearby - dark spirits will lure him and push him to all sorts of false gloomy thoughts.

Fire of the great Yule must burn unquenchable for 12 days, starting from the night of the winter solstice.

To help the new Sun-Kolyada be born, people on the Night of the winter solstice (2nd Night of the great Yule, the beginning of astronomical winter) lit the sacred fire of Yule- Yule bonfire, which then burned for 12 days until the end of the fun 2-week celebration of Yule-Solstice. According to tradition, all old and unnecessary things were burned in the fire of this fire, freeing themselves from junk for a new happy life.

According to the dates of the modern calendar, the celebration of this solar holiday began at sunset on December 19 and continued until sunset on January 1.

Many millennia will pass from the appearance of the pagan celebration of Yule-Solstice, and ...

Christianity originated at the beginning of the 1st millennium in Ancient Judea in 273 AD. e. will attribute the most ancient pagan solar festival of the Nativity of the sun-baby Kolyada to himself, declaring it a celebration of the Nativity of the infant Christ. So that the Christian celebration does not coincide with the pagan one, the clergy will establish the Nativity of Christ 3 days later than the Christmas of Kolyada, when a noticeable increase in the length of the day begins.

http://cont.ws/post/128444?_utl_t=lj Solar Vedic calendar of ancestors. Four great solar holidays. | Blog | KONT

Almost all holidays have pagan Slavic roots. In our article, we will talk about both pagan holidays, which are celebrated throughout Russia, and Orthodox ones.

The latter are most often celebrated not only here, but also in Europe. In Slavic culture, there are four main holidays, according to which days and weeks are counted.

Let's consider them below in more detail.

What is paganism?

First of all, let's deal with the concept of paganism. Scientists do not give an unambiguous interpretation of this word. It used to be believed that paganism appeared thanks to the New Testament. In Church Slavonic, this word meant other peoples, i.e. those who had a religion other than the Christian one.

Philologists who study pagan holidays and Slavic culture believe that the meaning of this concept is hidden in the word "paganism" - respect for clan, kinship and blood ties.

In the distant past, our ancestors revered family ties, they considered themselves to be one whole, completely existent, and were related to Mother Nature herself.

pagan holidays

The concept of the Sun in pagan culture

All Slavic pagan holidays were reduced to one goal - honoring respect for the forces of nature and the earth.

The Slavic people deified the Sun, because the very process of life depended on its light. The main festivities and celebrations related to the position of the sun in the sky and its changes in position.

Solstice holidays among the pagan population

It's no secret that the holidays of the Slavs were held using the solar calendar. It showed the position of the Sun relative to other astrological bodies.

The calculation of the year was not by days and weeks, but by four astronomical main events:

And the main pagan holidays were directly related to these natural changes.

Types of Slavic holidays

1. In ancient times, the Slavic calendar of holidays began with spring equinox. This holiday identified the victory over the winter season, and was called Komoyeditsa.
2. Summer Solstice- a holiday called Kupail Day.
3. Spring was a holiday autumn equinox.
4. Kolyada The holiday was celebrated at the time of the winter solstice.

As a result, the four main pagan holidays in Russia were carried out by the Sun and its changes during the astronomical year.

The Slavic people sincerely believed that the sun, like a person, changes throughout the year.

The deity, which died on the night before the winter solstice, was reborn again in the morning.

Holiday Kolyada or Solstice

December 21 was considered the beginning of the astronomical winter, and was dedicated to the rebirth of the Sun. The Slavic people identified this holiday with a baby who was born at the dawn of the winter solstice.

Fun and celebration lasted two weeks, and it all began at sunset on December 19th. All relatives, friends and acquaintances came to celebrate the Christmas of the sun. To scare away evil spirits and evil spirits, the Magi lit fires.

Evil forces on the eve of the birth of the Sun were most active, due to the death of the old Svetovit and the birth of Kolyada. The Slavs believed that on the magical night of timelessness, the ancestors helped to resist the evil forces, gathering together for a common celebration.

In order to help the Sun to be born, the Slavs kindled ritual bonfires at night. They cleaned the house and the yard, washed and washed. Old things were thrown into the fire to get rid of the past, and in the morning to meet the Sun clean and renewed.

The winter sun was called Kolyada. The Slavs rejoiced that every day now the sunny day will increase, and the Sun itself will grow stronger. A cheerful pagan holiday was celebrated on this day until sunset on January 1.

Yule night

The Slavs considered the twelfth night of Yule to be magical and fabulous, that is, from December 31 to January 1. It was customary to celebrate her with funny disguises, dances and songs.

Currently, we are also celebrating this night, and the children are looking forward to the arrival of the pagan god in the person of Santa Claus.

The ancient Slavs invited this god to appease him and protect all crops from freezing.

Preparing the house for an ancient pagan holiday, we usually decorate the Christmas tree and the apartment, put sweets on the table in the form of logs or logs, as Christian tradition suggests. All these festive decorations are borrowed from the god Yule.

In winter, they also celebrated Honoring Women and Christmas Christmas. All these celebrations were accompanied by dances, songs, festivities and fortune-telling. The Slavs glorified the young Sun during all these holidays.

Holiday Komoyeditsa

March 20-21 is considered the day of the spring equinox. Spring pagan holiday - seeing off winter, the beginning of a new year, the meeting of spring and the departure of cold weather.

As soon as Christian culture appeared, this holiday was shifted in time according to the church calendar to the beginning of the year. In the modern world, we all know this holiday as Maslenitsa. The pagan holiday was usually celebrated for 1.5 or 2 weeks.

The Slavs glorified the growing strength and strength of the Sun. And replacing his first childhood name Kolyada with the adult name Yarilo, the sun god became strong and could melt the snow and wake nature from hibernation.

Celebration of Kupala pagan holiday

June 21 is the summer solstice. At the festival, the Slavs glorified the pagan god Kupaila, who gave an excellent harvest and fertility.

According to the solar calendar, the beginning of summer came precisely from this day. The Slavs rejoiced at the fun and rested from hard work. Girls during this period could guess at the narrowed ones and put wreaths on the water.

A tree decorated with ribbons and various festive attributes was a symbol of fertility. On this holiday, all the elements of nature have healing power.

The Magi, knowing what healing properties this holiday gives, collected roots, herbs, flowers, morning and evening dew in the forest.

Meanings of Orthodox and pagan holidays

Celebrating and having fun, our great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers burned an effigy of winter. Spring was coming, and the fear of a cold death in winter was receding.

In order to win over spring, on the thawed patches in the field of treats, sweets and pies for Mother Spring. At the festive feast, Slavic men ate only nutritious food.

This was necessary in order to gain strength before the summer. The Slavs, celebrating national pagan holidays, danced round dances, prepared delicious dishes, for example, pancakes, which resembled the spring sun.

Since the Slavs lived in harmony with mother nature, they also glorified her flora and fauna. The bear was a respected and deified animal. It was to him at the beginning of the celebration that the ancient Slavs brought pancakes.

komoeditsa is a name associated with the bear, as the ancestors called it "kom". There is such a proverb: “The first pancake is coma”, that is, it is intended for a bear.

Magical pagan holidays and rituals

For the positive location of Kupaila, the Magi performed many rituals. On the night of fun, they went around the field in a circle, reading conspiracies from evil spirits, people and animals.

There is an old legend that all people gather in the forest on Kupala in search of a flower. He is able to work miracles, heal and point to the treasure. But this ancient plant cannot bloom.

And the lucky ones who see a suspicious glow in the garden are justified by the phosphorescent organism present on the leaves of the fern. But, despite this, young people still go to look for a magic flower.

Veresen holiday

September 21 is the autumnal equinox. Denotes the harvest and the beginning of autumn. They celebrated the holiday for two weeks.

The first time they celebrated two weeks before the equinox, in Indian Summer, they counted the harvest, planned expenses.

The second time was celebrated after the autumnal equinox. On such days, the Slavs honored the aging and wise Sun. They burned bonfires, danced round dances, kindled a new fire to replace the old one.

The house was decorated with bouquets of wheat, pies were baked from the harvest. This holiday has always been celebrated on a large scale, and all the tables were simply bursting with a variety of dishes.

Pagan holidays in Russia

When Christianity came, many traditions of the Slavs disappeared. But, thanks to the people's memory and some traditions, it was possible to recreate some elements of the celebration.

But, despite the past tense, Slavic holidays continue to be celebrated, albeit in a distorted form. If you care about the history of your people, you can easily recreate these holidays.

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Slavic kologod, solar holidays, their meaning, holding, rituals

In Summer 7208 (1700 AD), our ancient calendar was banned by Peter the Great, who issued a decree on the abolition of all old calendars that simultaneously existed in the Russian lands. He introduced the Western European calendar from the Nativity of Christ, thus stealing from the people 5508 years of the Great Heritage.

The basis of the chronology of the Slavs, with the advent of Christianity, was the Julian calendar that came to us through Byzantium with the Roman names of the months. Together with the calendar with a year duration of 365.25 days, the Byzantine world era came into use, in which the creation of the world belonged to 5508 BC. However, the time account used in Byzantium was not fully accepted. In Constantinople, the year began on September 1, in our chronicles, for several centuries, the beginning of the year fell on spring, on March 1, with the appearance of a new moon on the first spring days close to the spring equinox.

The Slavs built their lives and, accordingly, the calendar according to the sun. Instead of the solstice, in Russia they said - solstice or kolovorot (Kolovrat) (The sun turns for profit or for the decline of the day).

And the year was called KoloGod or KoloHod. That is, the cycle of the Sun, which makes a full circle of life, like a person from birth to old age and death. The cycle of the Sun was identified with the cycle of human life.

The main reference point of the entire calendar cycle was the sun and its movement across the sky. Therefore, all major holidays are closely connected with the so-called Big and Small solar crosses.

The big solar cross was determined by four main events in the movement of the sun. These are the days of the autumn and spring equinoxes, winter and summer solstices. They are determined by the astrological position of the Sun relative to the earth. These points were marked among the Slavs by the four main holidays and the four hypostases of the Sun passing through the Great Solar Cross. Each hypostasis had its own name. And the Sun in each incarnation was given a name. As was customary among people, the Sun at each point underwent a kind of initiation and received a new status.

In short, KoloGod in the view of the Slavs looked like this

December 21-22 - Days of the winter solstice - Hypostasis Kolyada

Kolyada - baby sun - the beginning of the circle. The longest night of the year - the night of Karachun - has ended. Svarog - the blacksmith strikes with a swing with a hammer on the stone firmament and carves out of the white-combustible stone - Alatyr, a spark of the New Fire, from which the flames of the New Kola God will flare up. The sun is born - a baby - Kolyada.

Yarilo is youth. The sun is a youth. The sun enters a new hypostasis. And at this time, just as an ardent fertilizing force begins to awaken in a young man, so during this period nature begins to awaken after hibernation. They said "Yarilo, wakes up mother earth - fertilizes with ardent force." those. a new life is born: “Yarilo, he gave birth to a field, he gave birth to children for people. Where he is with his foot, there is life in a shock, and where he looks, there the ear is blooming.

Dazhbog - sun husband. He was associated with a man who entered in full force. This is the time when everything in nature blooms in full color. The young, full of ardent strength, Yarilo-Sun coped with his task - the grains sprouted. The Sun-husband appears - Dazhbog. He has other tasks. He guards, takes care of the crop. People have completed all the planting, now the harvest depends on the weather and how the sun will warm. Will it not give a drought, will it rain in time. That is, as in the family, the husband is the master and a lot depends on him. And most importantly, how the family will eat all year.

Horse - this is the period of the beginning of aging. The fruits are harvested and stored in the bins. The nights are getting longer, the sun is getting older and getting ready to retire. And from that day on, he begins to lose strength. The Slavs honored and thanked the wise Sun-old man Khors - a source of light and heat that gave the harvest.

Gradually, time moved on, the nights became longer and longer, and the longest night of Karachun approached again, when the old sun-man died to be reborn as Kolyada. This is how the KoloGod cycle looked like in the view of the Slavs - the Great Solar Cross.

The holidays of the Great Solar Cross were celebrated either on or near the date of the solstice.

• January 6 to January 19. Twelve nights that end with the feast of Vodokres, January 19th. According to popular beliefs, the Navi walk the earth until Vodokres itself, which is why the Veles Christmas time is called 12 nights before this holiday.

06 Water blessing* (Yar-Dana, Winter Turets). 12th day of winter holidays, their end.

Small Vodokres January 6 - the first Water blessing among the Slavs

14 Prophetic week. Wolves Day. Spiritual guides, at the request of people, look at what is written in the family.

Great Vodokres January 19 - the second Blessing of the Waters among the Slavs

20 Wisdom. Divination for the future, the appeal of the Magi to the Otherworld.

11-20 Veles Christmas time*. Lasts 9 days.

February 21 Striborg Winter, Spring
24 Budnik (Finding nests). Birds are called from Iria. They bake ceremonial gingerbread.

21 New Year (Yary years). The day conquers the night.
24 Yarilo Red * (Great Day of Dazhbozhy). Three days after the Child Sun became the Youth Sun. Glorification of the spring sun.
25 Opening of Svarga. Drawing. Praise for Spring. All work prohibited.

March 25 is considered a holiday - according to legend, the gates of Svarga open on this day and Zhiva descends to the ground, bringing spring with him.

20/21 March - celebration of Usen as the dawn of Eos April 23 - "Lights of Kupava", the holiday of Usen as the Sun god who kills the serpent.

First Mermaid Week: April 16-22

22.04 - 10.05 Krasnaya Gora. The circle of holidays from Lelnik to Rusal'iny Velikdnya (Earth Day).
22 Lelnik. Day of the Goddess of girlish love - Lely.
23 Yarilo Buinyi (Spring). Respect for the spring sun. Consecration of water, wells. The young man Yarilo-Sun fills the grass with the power of Heaven, people drive out cattle to graze, and the ceremony of "opening the earth" takes place.

On this day, the Day of Dazhdbog's Victory over the dark forces that the Koshchei gathered on Lele is also celebrated (in ancient times, the moon closest to Midgard, named after this Goddess, at that time three moons revolved around the earth). Dazhdbog destroyed the small moon Lelya (it had 7 days of rotation around the earth) and destroyed the dark forces that were preparing to capture Midgard (our Earth).

30 Radunitsa, Holy Trinity. Night of remembrance of Gods and Ancestors.

01 Noise. Dazhbog walk the earth and fills all things with his own strength.
05 Semik. Yarilo. Preparing for Kupala Christmas.
06 The end of Mermaids.

They probably honor July 14, and in honor of him they play the buffoon "Vavila and buffoons"

16 The beginning of a strict 9-day cleansing of the soul and body.
21 Kupala beginning*. Summer solstice. Preparation for the holiday, Volkhov rituals.

23 Night at Kupala*. Ignition of the Holy Kupala fire, bathing, combination of couples.
24 Kupala*. Summer Sun Christmas. In the morning, the consecration of water, springs, the collection of medicinal herbs. On the third day after the summer solstice, when the male sun becomes the male sun.

20 Perunov day. Prayers near old oaks - sacred Perun trees. Ritual dinners. Consecration of water with "perun axes", weaving oak wreaths and laying them on the heads of men for strength and health.

22 Summer Perunitsa. Honoring lightning, the female manifestation of the Thunderer.
26 Chur. Palicopa. Rites for the connection of earthly fire with heavenly fire, childbirth pray for the preservation of a kope of zhita-wheat. The appearance in the rays of the morning Sun or the rising of the star Sirius

November 21 - Dvorovoy Day. Celebrate November 21 - OWEN BIG, THE BEGINNING OF THE CAROL HOLIDAY,