Primitive suit. General information

What do people know about primitive man? In fact, quite a bit. It is known that he lived in caves, hunted mammoths, used a club as a weapon, and dressed in the skins of dead animals.

Having even such fragmentary knowledge about the first people, you can make an excellent costume of a primitive man with your own hands. For a child in a kindergarten, for a holiday, for a performance at school or a performance in the theater - the outfit will suit any thematic event.

Parts of the suit

How to make a primitive man costume? Before you start assembling the outfit, you need to decide what the costume will consist of.

Their clothes were uncomplicated - torn skins with uneven edges, roughly swept with pieces of leather or veins, or girded with leather thread. They replaced both pajamas, and "business attire", and evening suit. For a very cold season, another skin could be stored, which was used as a cloak or cape.

Jewelry was the same for everyone - animal bones that were tied to hair or strung on a thread like beads. Bones could decorate the belt.

Bandages on the forearms and lower legs were used as additional accessories.

The most important attribute is a club. Both women and men had it. The difference was only in the size of the weapon - men, as stronger representatives of the tribe, relied on a club more than women. Consequently, the costume of a primitive man for a boy and for a girl is made in the same way, only the club will be of different sizes.

Hair is the final part of the outfit. Soap and shampoo were not yet known to our ancestors, respectively, the hairstyle on the head was remotely similar to a neat modern styling. To create a complete image, you will need a wig.

So, the costume will consist of:

basic clothing;
capes;
belts and jewelry;
clubs;
wig;
bandages.

Basic clothing

Our ancestors dressed in the skins of captured animals. Therefore, the colors should match and be similar to natural leather or fur. For this purpose, fabric of any quality is well suited. The color is brown, leopard or brindle. You should not opt for shiny fabrics, they are not very appropriate for this purpose. But felt, velor, artificial suede - that's it.

Models may vary. The simplest option is winding with a knot on one shoulder.

It will take about 1.5 fabrics to work.

The material is folded in half, a rectangle is obtained. On the side where the fold is, the middle is outlined. You can do it by eye; the costume does not have to be perfect and symmetrical: primitive people were far from high fashion. Also, the middle is located along the long side of the rectangle. The dots are connected to each other, and the fabric is cut off. It turns out that a triangle was cut out of a large rectangle.

Where the fabric at the fold remained connected, there will be a shoulder. The side that has become short must be sewn with a classic thread with a needle. And you can be original by connecting parts of the outfit with coarse stitches. For the second option, you need to make holes in the fabric on both sides with nail scissors, and then tie the halves together with a knitting thread of a suitable color or a thin cord. You can do it crosswise - like lacing on sneakers, or you can thread it through each hole. Which way to choose - depends only on the imagination of the master.

Easy option

The second option is the easiest. In a piece of fabric folded in half, a hole for the head is cut in the middle from the side of the fold. You don't need to sew anything: the clothes are girdled - and that's it. Do-it-yourself costume of a primitive man for a boy can be considered almost ready!

Well, an option for summer cavemen is a loincloth. A piece of fabric is cut into strips of different widths. The main strip, equal to the girth of the hips, acts as a base, the rest of the flaps are hung on it.

Cape

The cape is made from the same fabric as the main part. But you can choose any other texture, dense material is best.

For a cape, you can make holes in the upper part of the fabric, thread a cord through them and use a cord to tie it around your neck. An easier option is to tie the two ends of the cape in a knot and throw it over your head.

Belt and decorations

The costume of a primitive man is decorated with natural materials - bones and bandages.

To make bandages for arms and legs, you need to cut 4 strips of fabric, 2 of which are equal to the girth of the forearm above the elbow, and 2 others are equal to the girth of the leg below the knee.

Strips are hung on strips of fabric according to the same principle as for such an ornament is tied to a knot right on the arm or leg.

The costume of a primitive man is decorated with bones. You can easily make them yourself from polymer clay. Also, similar accessories are sold in needlework stores - beads in the form of bones, teeth are easy to string on a thread and convenient to use.

Animal fangs or bones are made from white polymer clay, previously kneaded in the hands. After heat treatment (manufacturers write the rules for working with clay on packs), holes are made in each blank, then the resulting parts are strung on a thread or strip of leather. Such decorations can also be strung on the ends of the strips from which the loincloth for hands and feet is made.

The caveman is often depicted with a bone in his hair. In order to make such an ornament for a boy, you will have to stock up on a hair hoop and a gun with glue or a long thread. A drop of glue is applied to the hoop and a large bone is attached. And with a thread, this accessory can simply be strongly tied. A bone tied directly to the hair will look best, but this will require skill, since boys usually have short hair.

Wig

The costume of a primitive man completes the headdress. The easiest way to buy a wig with tangled hair is in a specialty store. Making such an accessory on your own is no more difficult than tying a knot on a bandage.

From a hoop and a bundle of wool for felting, you can make an excellent model of hair. It will be necessary to carefully glue strands of brown wool to the hoop in several layers. The blank is decorated with a bone, which is tied to the strands exactly in the center.

The first person to wear clothes, according to historians, was a hunter during the Ice Age. As you know, this period was characterized by a cold climate on the planet, which made the existence of primitive man especially uncomfortable. Clothing carried the function of protection from cold, wind and precipitation. It was made from the skins of various animals, it was rough, shapeless, but it performed the main function - it made it possible to live in the conditions of the north. The skins went through several stages of processing, namely: scraping, drying, softening and making sheets of the desired length and width.

The first stage consisted of animal skin fastened with stakes to the ground and scraped clean. After the skin was cleanly scraped, it was pulled tightly over stones, trees - everything that could help avoid contraction, drying of the skin during the drying stage. The dried skin had to be softened, it was beaten off with stones, wooden sticks, stretched by hand. And the finished skin was cut with a pointed stone into separate pieces, which, in turn, were pierced with a special stone (a prototype of a modern awl) and holes were made. Large skins were sewn together with thin strips of leather, a little later a prototype of modern threads appeared - horsehair, durable and more plastic than a thin leather strip.

A little later, a stone needle was invented, they were also made from bones and horns. This made it possible to stitch the skins of animals more accurately, the clothes began to take on a clearer shape - pants, tunics. Also, bags and shoes were sewn from the skins, tied to the leg with leather strips.

It was here, along with the need to protect his body from the cold, that primitive man began to take care of the aesthetics of appearance. There was a desire to decorate clothes. The first decorations were made of pebbles, shells, clay figurines.

When agriculture appeared along with hunting, primitive man noticed that some plants, or rather parts of them, give color when wet. So, for example, the bark of trees, the shells of nuts are red, and the leaves of indigo are blue, the leaves of lavsonia are from yellow to brown. The clothes began to be dyed.

Along with dyeing clothes, people learned to make fabrics from plant fibers (flax, bast), as well as to get yarn from animal hair. These fabrics were also dyed, and some kind of tunics and trousers were sewn from them.

Judging by the rock paintings, both men and women wore jewelry. These were beads made of pebbles, seeds, necklaces made of shells, feathers, bones of fish and animals, horns, teeth and tusks. Bead threads were made from thin strips genuine leather, and later - from plant fibers.

Hairstyles were also given attention. They were braided into a kind of braid and decorated with wooden combs and pins made of bones and pebbles, shells and teeth were also used to decorate hair.

Thus, depending on the conditions of existence in the cold climate of the Ice Age and the availability of improvised means, primitive man became a trendsetter in fur clothes decorated with pebbles, shells and fish bones, as well as fur shoes fastened with leather laces on the leg.

The history of the costume is a reflection of the history of man and human society. The social structure of society, culture, worldview, the level of development of technology, trade relations between countries - all this, to one degree or another, was expressed in the costumes worn by people in a certain era. Modern costume is the result of a long evolution, a certain result of creative discoveries and achievements, the fruit of the improved experience of many generations and at the same time the image of a man of our time, in which all the basic values of modern society are embodied.

Clothing appeared in antiquity as a means of protection from the adverse climate, from the bites of insects, wild animals on the hunt, from the blows of enemies in battle, as a means of protection from evil forces. The clothes of this era can be judged from archaeological data, as well as on the basis of information about the clothes and lifestyle of primitive tribes who still live on Earth in areas that are difficult to access and far from modern civilization: in Africa, Central and South America, Polynesia.

The most ancient types of “clothes” are coloring and tattoos, which performed protective functions, as evidenced by their distribution among those tribes that even today do without clothes. The coloring of the body protected from the effects of evil spirits, from insect bites, and was supposed to terrify the enemy in battle. It could also be a magical rite of initiation (initiation into adult full-fledged members of the tribe), as well as information about belonging to a certain clan and tribe, social status, etc.

Of particular importance were the hairstyle and headdress, since all the manipulations with the hair had a magical meaning, the life force is concentrated in them. A change in hairstyle meant a change in social status, age, and socio-gender role. The headdress, which appeared as part of the ceremonial costume, was a sign of sacred dignity and high position.

Jewelry in the form of amulets and amulets performed a magical function, the function of indicating the social status of a person and an aesthetic function. They were made from the bones of animals and birds, human bones, fangs and tusks of animals, teeth of bats, shells, dried fruits and berries, feathers, corals, pearls, and metals.

Clothing made from skins served as the initial model of fabrics and cut: sometimes the fabrics had a fluffy surface made of short ends of threads, like animal skins. The skin was used as a whole, covering the chest, stomach and back. Initially, the skins were fastened on the shoulder, tying the paws, then a hole was made in the middle of the skin for threading it through the head, later the covering was wrapped around the body, fastening it on the side and on the shoulder. Later, sleeves appeared, a cut through the front, an increase and expansion of the lower part of the garment. In the future, having tied 2 skins to the belt that protected the legs from thorns, the person received stockings. Animal wool was also used for clothing, from which felt was obtained by felting. The tribes invented a spindle, a loom, tools for processing leather and sewing clothes (needles made from bones of fish and animals or metal).

Among the agricultural tribes, clothes were made from leaves, specially processed bark of a breadfruit, mulberry or fig tree. Various plant fibers, bast, reeds, intestines, tendons of animals were also used, the plexuses of which formed the fabric. This is how weaving came about.

The main item of men's clothing was a cape made of an oval or rectangular piece of fabric, which was fastened in the upper part or fastened to the hips with a belt. Belts were decorated with patterns of different colors.

Women of this period wore a jacket with sleeves and a long belted skirt made of woven materials.

A short skirt 1.5 meters wide was also used, made of densely arranged cords on a woven rim at the top and with a cord at the bottom, with which it girded the body twice.

The first shoe was a piece of leather or vegetable material that a person attached to the bottom of the foot or wrapped around the foot. In addition to leather, plant materials were used for shoes: bark, reeds, papyrus, soap, straw, as well as thick coarse yarn, felt, and wood. The first form of such shoes is a kind of wrap (case) for the foot.

Clothing of a primitive man

From the beginning of the Mesolithic era (tenth to eighth millennium BC), climatic conditions began to change on Earth, and primitive communities sensed new sources of food and adapted to new conditions. In this era, a person is moving from gathering and hunting to a productive economy - agriculture and cattle breeding - the "Neolithic revolution", which became the beginning of the history of the civilization of the ancient world. At this time, the first clothes are born.

Clothing appeared in ancient times as a means of protection from the adverse climate, from insect bites, wild animals on the hunt, from the blows of enemies in battle and, no less important, as a means of protection from evil forces. About what clothing was like in the primitive era, we can get some idea not only from archaeological data, but also on the basis of information about the clothing and lifestyle of primitive tribes that still live on Earth in some areas that are difficult to access and far from modern civilization: in Africa, Central and South America, Polynesia.

Even before the clothes

The appearance of a person has always been one of the ways of self-expression and self-awareness, which determines the place of the individual in the world around him, the object of creativity, the form of expression of ideas about beauty. The most ancient types of "clothes" are coloring and tattoos, which performed the same protective functions as the clothes covering the body. This is evidenced by the fact that coloring and tattooing are common among those tribes that even today do without any other types of clothing.

Body painting also protected from the effects of evil spirits and insect bites and was supposed to terrify the enemy in battle. Grim (a mixture of fat with paint) was already known in the Stone Age: in the Paleolithic people knew about 17 colors. The most basic: white (chalk, lime), black (charcoal, manganese ore), ocher, which made it possible to obtain shades from light yellow to orange and red. The painting of the body and face was a magical rite, often a sign of an adult male warrior and was first applied during the rite of initiation (initiation into full-fledged adult members of the tribe).

The coloring also carried an informational function - it informed about belonging to a certain clan and tribe, social status, personal qualities and merits of its owner. A tattoo (a pattern pinned or carved on the skin), unlike coloring, was a permanent decoration and also denoted a person's tribal affiliation and social status, and could also be a kind of chronicle of individual achievements throughout life.

Of particular importance were the hairstyle and headdress, since it was believed that the hair had magical powers, mainly the long hair of a woman (therefore, many peoples had a ban on women showing themselves in public with their heads uncovered). All manipulations with hair had a magical meaning, since it was believed that life force was concentrated in the hair. Changing hairstyles has always meant a change in social status, age and socio-gender role. The headdress may have appeared as part of the ceremonial costume during the rituals of rulers and priests. Among all peoples, the headdress was a sign of sacred dignity and high position.

Jewelry, which originally performed a magical function in the form of amulets and amulets, is the same ancient type of clothing as makeup. At the same time, ancient jewelry served the function of designating the social status of a person and an aesthetic function. Primitive jewelry was made from a wide variety of materials: animal and bird bones, human bones (among those tribes where cannibalism existed), fangs and tusks of animals, bat teeth, bird beaks, shells, dried fruits and berries, feathers, corals, pearls, metals.

Thus, most likely, the symbolic and aesthetic functions of clothing preceded its practical purpose - protecting the body from the effects of the external environment. Jewelry could also carry an informational function, being a kind of writing among some peoples (for example, “talking” necklaces were common among the South African Zulu tribe in the absence of writing).

The emergence of clothing and fashion

Clothing is one of the oldest human inventions. Already in the monuments of the late Paleolithic, stone scrapers and bone needles were found, which served for processing and stitching skins. The material for clothes, in addition to skins, were leaves, grass, tree bark (for example, tapa - fabric from processed bast from the inhabitants of Oceania). Hunters and fishermen used fish skin, sea lion guts and other marine animals, and bird skins.

With a cold snap in many regions, it became necessary to protect the body from the cold, which led to the appearance of clothes from skins - the oldest material for making clothes among hunting tribes. Clothing made from skins before the invention of weaving was the main clothing of primitive peoples.

The hunters of the last ice age were probably the first people to wear clothing. Clothing was made from animal skins sewn together with strips of leather. The skins of animals were first fixed on pegs and scraped, then washed and pulled tight on a wooden frame so that they would not shrink when dried. The tough, dry skin was then softened and cut to make clothes.

The clothes were cut out, and holes were made along the edges with a pointed stone awl. Thanks to the holes, it was much easier to pierce the skins with a bone needle. Prehistoric people made pins and needles from fragments of bone and antler, which they then polished by grinding them on stone. Scraped skins were also used to make tents, bags, and bedding.

The first clothes consisted of simple trousers, tunics and raincoats, decorated with beads made of colored stones, teeth, shells. They also wore fur shoes tied with leather laces. Animals gave skin - fabrics, tendons - threads and bones - needles. Clothes made from animal skins protected from cold and rain and allowed primitive people to live in the far north.

Some time after the beginning of agriculture in the Middle East, wool began to be made into fabric. In other parts of the world, vegetable fibers such as flax, cotton, bast, and cactus were used for this purpose. The fabric was dyed and decorated with vegetable dyes.

Stone Age people used the flowers, stems, bark, and leaves of numerous plants to make dyes. The flowers of the dyer's gorse and the tinker's navel gave a range of colors - from bright yellow to brownish green.

Plants like indigo and woad provided a rich blue color, while walnut bark, leaves, and shells provided a reddish brown color. The plants were also used for dressing skins: the skin was softened by soaking in water with oak bark.

Both men and women in the Stone Age wore jewelry. Necklaces and pendants were made from all kinds of natural materials - elephant tusk or mammoth. It was believed that wearing a necklace made of leopard bones gave magical powers. Brightly colored stones, snail shells, fish bones, animal teeth, seashells, egg shells, nuts and seeds, mammoth and walrus tusks, fish bones and bird feathers have all been used. We know about the variety of materials for jewelry from rock paintings in caves and ornaments found in burials.

Later they also began to make beads - from semi-precious amber and jadeite, jet and clay. The beads were strung on thin strips of leather or twine made from plant fibers. Women braided their hair into braids and stabbed them with combs and pins, and turned the threads of shells and teeth into beautiful head ornaments. People probably painted their bodies and lined their eyes with dyes like red ocher, tattooed themselves and pierced themselves.

Skins taken from slaughtered animals were processed, as a rule, by women, with the help of special scrapers made of stone, bones, and shells. When processing the skin, the remains of meat and tendons were first scraped off the inner surface of the skin, then the hair was removed in a variety of ways, depending on the region. For example, the primitive peoples of Africa buried skins in the ground along with ash and leaves, in the Arctic they soaked them in urine (skins were processed in the same way in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome), then the skin was tanned to give it strength, and also rolled, squeezed, beaten using special leather grinders to give elasticity.

In general, many methods of tanning leather are known: with the help of decoctions of oak and willow bark, in Russia, for example, they were fermented - soaked in acidic bread solutions, in Siberia and the Far East, fish bile, urine, liver and animal brain were rubbed into the skin. Nomadic pastoral peoples used fermented milk products, boiled animal liver, salt, and tea for this purpose. If the upper front layer was removed from the fat-tanned leather, then suede was obtained.

Animal skins are still the most important material for making clothes, but, nevertheless, the use of sheared (plucked, matched) animal hair was a great invention. Both nomadic pastoral and sedentary agricultural peoples used wool. It is probable that the most ancient way of processing wool was felting: the ancient Sumerians in the third millennium BC. wore clothes made of felt.

Many items made of felt (headdresses, clothes, blankets, carpets, shoes, wagon decorations) were found in Scythian burials in the Pazyryk kurgans of the Altai Mountains (6th-5th centuries BC). Felt was obtained from sheep, goat, camel wool, yak wool, horse hair, etc. Felt felting was especially widespread among the nomadic peoples of Eurasia, for whom it also served as a material for making dwellings (for example, yurts among the Kazakhs).

Those peoples who were engaged in gathering, and then became farmers, were known for clothes made from specially processed bark of a breadfruit, mulberry or fig tree. In some peoples of Africa, Indonesia and Polynesia, such bark fabric is called "tapa" and is decorated with multi-colored patterns using paint applied with special stamps.

The emergence of weaving

The separation of agriculture and animal husbandry into separate types of labor was accompanied by the separation of handicrafts. In agricultural and pastoral tribes, a spindle, a loom, tools for processing leather and sewing clothes from fabrics and leathers (in particular, needles from bones of fish and animals or metal) were invented.

Having learned the art of spinning and weaving in the Neolithic era, man initially used the fibers of wild plants, but the transition to cattle breeding and agriculture made it possible to use domestic animal hair and fibers of cultivated plants (flax, hemp, cotton) for making fabrics. Baskets, sheds, nets, snares, ropes were first woven from them, and then a simple interlacing of stems, bast fibers or fur strips turned into weaving. Weaving required a long, thin and uniform thread, twisted from various fibers.

In the Neolithic era, a great invention appeared - the spindle (the principle of its operation - twisting the fibers - is also preserved in modern spinning machines). Spinning was the occupation of women who were also engaged in the manufacture of clothes, therefore, among many peoples, the spindle was a symbol of a woman and her role as the mistress of the house.

Weaving was also the work of women, and only with the development of commodity production did it become the lot of male artisans. The loom was formed on the basis of a weaving frame, on which the warp threads were pulled, through which the weft threads were then passed with the help of a shuttle. In ancient times, three types of primitive looms were known:

1. A vertical machine with one wooden beam (navoi) hanging between two posts, in which the thread tension was provided by clay weights suspended from the warp threads (the ancient Greeks had similar machines).

2. A horizontal machine with two fixed beams, between which the base was stretched. A fabric of a strictly defined size was woven on it (the ancient Egyptians had such machines).

3. Machine with rotating beams.

Fabrics were made from banana bast, hemp and nettle fibers, linen, wool, silk, depending on the region, climate and traditions.

In the primitive communities and societies of the Ancient East, there was a strict and rational distribution of labor between men and women. As a rule, women were engaged in making clothes: they spun threads, wove fabrics, sewed leathers and skins, decorated clothes with embroidery, appliqué, drawings applied using stamps, etc.

Types of clothing of primitive man

Embroidered clothing was preceded by its prototypes: a primitive cloak (skin) and a loincloth. From the cloak originates various kinds of shoulder clothing; subsequently, a toga, tunic, poncho, cloak, shirt, etc. arose from it. Belt clothing (apron, skirt, pants) evolved from the hip cover.

The simplest ancient shoes are sandals, or a piece of animal skin wrapped around the foot. The latter is considered the prototype of the leather morshni (pistons) of the Slavs, the dude of the Caucasian peoples, the moccasins of the American Indians. For footwear, tree bark (in Eastern Europe) and wood (shoes among some peoples of Western Europe) were also used.

Headdresses, protecting the head, already in ancient times played the role of a sign indicating social status (headdresses of a leader, priest, etc.), and were associated with religious and magical ideas (for example, they depicted the head of an animal).

Clothing was usually adapted to the conditions of the geographical environment and in different climatic zones it differs in shape and material. The oldest clothing of the peoples of the rainforest zone (in Africa, South America, etc.) is a loincloth, an apron, a veil on the shoulders. In moderately cold and arctic regions, clothing covers the entire body. The northern type of clothing is subdivided into moderately northern and clothing of the Far North (the latter is entirely fur).

The peoples of Siberia are characterized by two types of fur clothing: in the polar zone - deaf, that is, without a cut, worn over the head (among the Eskimos, Chukchi, Nenets, etc.), in the taiga strip - swing, having a slit in front (among the Evenki Yakuts, etc.). A peculiar set of clothes made of suede or tanned leather was developed among the Indians of the forest belt of North America: women wear a long shirt, men wear a shirt and high legs.

Forms of clothing are closely related to human economic activity. So, in ancient times, the peoples engaged in nomadic cattle breeding developed a special type of clothing convenient for riding - wide trousers and a dressing gown for men and women.

In the process of development of society, differences in social and family status increased the influence on clothing. The clothes of men and women, girls and married women began to differ; everyday, festive, wedding, funeral and other clothes arose. With the division of labor, various types of professional clothing appeared, already in the early stages of history, clothing reflects ethnic characteristics (tribal, tribal), and later on national ones.

The article used materials from the site www.Costumehistory.ru

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Along with housing, clothing arose as one of the main means of protection against various external influences. Some bourgeois scholars recognize this utilitarian reason for the origin of clothing, but many take an idealistic position and put forward as the main reasons a sense of shame, aesthetic motivation (clothing allegedly originated from jewelry), religious and magical representations, etc.

clothing- one of the oldest human inventions. Already in the monuments of the late Paleolithic, stone scrapers and bone needles were found, which served for processing and stitching skins. The material for clothes, in addition to skins, were leaves, grass, tree bark (for example, Tapa among the inhabitants of Oceania). Hunters and fishermen used fish skin, sea lion guts and other marine animals, and bird skins.

Having learned the art of spinning and weaving in the Neolithic era, man initially used the fibers of wild plants. The transition to cattle breeding and agriculture that took place in the Neolithic made it possible to use the wool of domestic animals and the fibers of cultivated plants (flax, hemp, cotton) for the manufacture of fabrics.

The simplest ancient shoes- sandals or a piece of animal skin wrapped around the leg. The latter is considered the prototype of the leather morshni (pistons) of the Slavs, the dude of the Caucasian peoples, the moccasins of the American Indians. For footwear, tree bark (in Eastern Europe) and wood (shoes among some peoples of Western Europe) were also used.

Clothing is usually adapted to the conditions of the geographical environment. In different climatic zones, it differs in shape and material. The oldest clothing of the peoples of the rainforest zone (in Africa, South America, etc.) is a loincloth, an apron, a veil on the shoulders. In moderately cold and arctic regions, clothing covers the entire body. The northern type of clothing is subdivided into moderately northern and clothing of the Far North (the latter is entirely fur).

The peoples of Siberia are characterized by two types of fur clothing: in the polar zone - deaf, that is, without a cut, worn over the head (among the Eskimos, Chukchi, Nenets, etc.), in the taiga strip - swinging, having a slit in front (among the Evenks, Yakuts, etc.). A peculiar set of clothes made of suede or tanned leather was developed among the Indians of the forest belt of North America: women wear a long shirt, men wear a shirt and high legs.

In the process of development of society, the influence on clothing of differences in social and family status increased. The clothes of men and women, girls and married women were differentiated; everyday, festive, wedding, funeral, and other clothes arose. With the division of labor, various types of professional clothing appeared. Already in the early stages of history, clothing reflected ethnic characteristics (generic, tribal), and later national (which did not exclude local variants).

Satisfying the utilitarian demands of society, clothing at the same time expresses its aesthetic ideals. The artistic specificity of clothing as a kind of arts and crafts and artistic design is mainly due to the fact that the object of creativity is the person himself. Forming a visual whole with it, clothing cannot be represented outside of its function.

The property of clothing as a purely personal item determined in its creation (modeling) taking into account the proportional features of the figure, the age of the person, as well as private details of his appearance (for example, hair color, eyes). In the process of artistic decision of clothing, these features can be emphasized or, conversely, softened.

This direct connection of clothing with a person gave rise to active participation, even co-authorship of the consumer in the approval and development of its forms. Being one of the means of embodying the ideal of a person of a particular era, clothing is made in accordance with its leading artistic style and its particular manifestation - fashion.

The combination of clothing components and items that complement it, made in the same style and artistically coordinated with each other, creates an ensemble called a costume. The main means of figurative solution in clothing is architectonics.

Numerous tribes that settled in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire (5th century) had a fundamentally different approach to clothing, which should not envelop the body, but reproduce its forms, giving a person the opportunity to move easily. So, among the peoples who came from the North and the East, the main parts of clothing were coarse trousers and a shirt. On their basis, such a type of clothing as tights was formed, which for several centuries occupied the main place in European costume.