The front side of the fabric is determined by. " Fabric production

Class: 5

Lesson topic: Fabric production. Definition of front and back sides.

The purpose of the lesson: To familiarize students with the production of fabrics and their structures.

Teach students to identify front and back sides.

Expand knowledge about the structure of fabric (warp, weft, edge)

Develop observation and attention.

Cultivate comradely mutual assistance and discipline.

Visual aids: Collection of fabrics (samples): “cotton”, “linen”, fibers (wadding), yarn (threads from fabrics), illustrations of spinning production, samples of fabrics with edges.

Equipment and materials: cotton wool, magnifying glass, fabric samples, paper, scissors, glue, workbook, textbook, computer (presentation)

Keywords: Textile fibers, warp, weft, selvedge. Front and back sides. Spinning and weaving.

Lesson type: learning new knowledge

Interdisciplinary connections: biology, drawing

Lesson structure:

Organizational moment (3 min)

Greetings to the class.

Mark those who are absent.

Updating basic knowledge (3 min)

Motivation for learning activities. (1 min)

Problematic situation.

State the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Learning new material (10 min)

Physical education minute.(1 min)

Laboratory practical work (20 min)

OT instruction.

Work in groups.

Work in pairs.

Determine the front and back sides.

Determining the direction of the warp and weft threads.

Consolidating new knowledge (3 min)

Summing up (2 min)

D/s: Make a collection of fabrics. (2 minutes)

During the classes:

Organizing time

Updating basic knowledge.

What materials did you use in labor lessons in primary school? (paper, cardboard, plasticine, natural materials)

What is the fabric used for? ( clothes, toys...)

What is the fabric made from? ( thread)

Message of lesson topic, goals

Tasks: features of the fabric manufacturing process.

Determine the front and back side

Determine the warp and weft thread.

Motivation for learning activities.(problem situation)

Teacher: Every day you start by getting dressed. This has become a common thing for you. Have any of you ever wondered what clothes are made of? Who made it?

Let's take a moment to look around and look at each other. And we will see how many different things are made from fabrics. And the fabrics are so varied - smooth and fluffy, light and heavy, thick and thin, like a cobweb.

How did textile workers manage to produce such different fabrics?

Learning new material.

Teacher: Today, guys, we will take a trip to "Country Materials Science")

Even in ancient times, man learned to connect individual short and thin fibers into long threads - yarn. And make from not textile. At home, great-grandmothers spun yarn manually (with the help of a spindle and a spinning wheel). Later, weaving looms appeared.

The fabric is widely used in everyday life for sewing clothes and linen. This is a household fabric.

In addition, technical and special fabrics are used in industry.

The raw materials for producing fabric are fibers. If you look at a piece of cotton wool, you will see that it consists of fibers. fibers- small and very thin, flexible, durable bodies.

Fibers that are used to make fabrics are called textile.

There are fibers: natural and chemical.

Natural divided into fibers of plant, animal, and mineral origin.

Plant fibers – linen, cotton, hemp;

animal fibers – wool, natural silk;

mineral origin - asbestos.

TO chemical fibers include - nylon, lavsan, nylon, crimplen.

Student performances.(prepared task)

- Fibers come in different lengths, shapes and thicknesses.

- Textile fibers absorb moisture, this property is called - hygroscopicity.

- Cotton or flax fibers are used to produce fabrics that are used to make clothing.

- Cotton is native to South Asia.

Cotton obtained from cotton seed pods. It is the thin, short, soft and fluffy fibers that cover the seeds. These fibers are called "seed" fibers. Cotton fibers are white in color, called “white gold”.

One of the largest cotton producing regions is Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan.

Linen. Flax fibers are located in the bark of the flax plant stem in the form of bundles. Such fibers are called bast. Flax fibers are long, thick, straight and stiff. The color of the fibers ranges from light gray to dark. Linen has a characteristic shine, since its fibers have a smooth surface; it is called “northern silk”.

Fabric making.

Istage: the fibers enter the spinning mill, where they are loosened, cleaned of debris, mixed and combed. That's how they get it yarn, (this process is called spinning). The yarn is wound on bobbins.

IIstage: the yarn goes to the weaving mill where the fabric is produced (this process is called weaving).

The threads running along the fabric are called warp threads, and the threads located across - weft threads.

Non-fraying edges are formed on both sides of the fabric along the grain thread - edges.

IIIstage: The fabric removed from the loom is subjected to finishing:

Remove fiber ends from the surface of the fabric

Bleaching

Print the drawing

The fabric has two sides: front and back .

They are determined by their pattern, shine, pile, and cleanliness of the finish.

On the front side patterned fabrics The fabric is brighter than on the reverse side.

Fabric with glitter– the front side is shiny, and the back side is matte.

Fabric with pile- the front side is fleecy, and the back side is matte.

Plain dyed fabric- the front side is smoother, and the back side is more fleecy, there are loops and knots.

Physical exercise.

Laboratory and practical work No. 1.

Determining the front and back sides of the fabric.

Equipment and materials: fabric samples, notebook, glue, brush, scissors.

The class is divided into 4 groups, each group is given a different type of fabric. ( fabric with glitter, pile fabric,plain-dyed fabric,patterned fabrics)

1.Take tissue samples

2.Look at fabrics with patterns.

3. Determine the front and back sides.

4. Examine this piece of fabric under a magnifying glass. On which side are the loop knots and the ends of broken threads visible?

5.Do this work with all fabric samples.

Fill out the table.

Type of fabric	Front side	Wrong side
With an image
With glitter

Plain painted

Laboratory and practical work No. 2

Determining the direction of warp and weft threads in fabric.

Equipment: fabric samples with and without edges, magnifying glass, notebook, pencil, ruler.

Sequence of work:

1.Take a sample of selvedge fabrics and stretch the fabric along the selvedge, then across. Determine in which direction the fabric stretches more?

2. Sharply stretch the fabric so that it is flapping. Determine in which direction the sound is voiced and in which direction it is voiceless?

3. Pull out the warp thread and weft thread and examine them under a magnifying glass. Which of these threads is smoother and more uniform in thickness?

4. Fluff the warp thread and weft thread. Examine them under a magnifying glass. Which of these threads is more twisted?

5. Take a sample of fabrics without edges and determine the direction of the warp and weft threads in it.

6.Make a written report and fill out the form.

Name of fabric threads	Stretching of fabric threads	Sound when stretched suddenly
Name of fabric threads	Stretching of fabric threads	Sound when stretched suddenly	By thickness	By twist
Warp thread
Weft thread

Consolidation of new material.

Add sentences (blitz survey)

Natural fiber of animal origin….(silk, wool)

Natural fiber of plant origin... (cotton, flax, hemp, jute)

The process of obtaining fabric is called ... (weaving).

The thread running along the fabric is called ... (warp thread)

They beat me, they beat me, they made me king: (flax).

Not fire, but bakes: (nettle)

A little boy entered the earth and found a blue hat: (linen)

I grow from the ground, I ripen with a white dome, I dress the whole world: (cotton)

Summarizing. Evaluating trainers' responses.

1.Today I liked the lesson….

2.What I remember most is….

3. We learned….

Our journey to the country has ended "Materials Science".

Homework: make a collection of fabrics.

Front and back side of fabric - The first thing you need to identify in a fabric when purchasing it. Indeed, the appearance of the product will depend on the choice of the front side of the fabric. If, for example, the fabric is crepe-satin, then the choice of model may depend on this: combined or trimmed with fabric of the opposite side. The fact is that crepe-satin is considered a double-sided fabric with crepe and satin sides, which can be used equally on both sides.

But even more important definition of front and back sides before opening, so as not to spoil the product. I do not recommend doing this important task in the evening or even in bright light. In the morning it may turn out that your choice was just an optical illusion. Artificial lighting distorts reality. The laws of optics apply.

Many people on the Internet are looking for an article on the topic “ Front and back side of fabric grade 5"- this material will be an excellent addition to the technology textbook, because the textbook contains only three sign of the front and back sides of the fabric. In fact, there are many more of them.

At first glance, this topic is very simple. But, once I got to a sewing forum, I learned that this topic “blows the minds” of many, and not only novice seamstresses. The girls literally ask each other to help them identify the front side of the fabric (already purchased!) from the photo. But in photographs of fabrics the difference in the front and back sides is noticeable worse than it is actually visible. Same thing in my article. Therefore, I added a video lesson to this topic; by the way, it turned out to be not simple and quite long.

How to determine the front and back sides?

If we go to a store or look at the fabrics on all the things in the house, we will notice that the fabrics vary greatly in appearance. Fabrics can vary in woven pattern, openwork, embroidered, and in type of color. Depending on the color, the fabrics can be variegated, printed, plain dyed or bleached. There are jacquard fabrics, that is, with a woven pattern, and also variegated ones. That is, this pattern is woven from threads of different colors. These are tapestry fabrics. For weaving, such fabrics are considered complex, but for determining the front side they are simple. In this article we consider fabrics according to the degree of complexity in determining the front and back sides.

We know that fabrics undergo different finishing depending on their fiber composition. Natural fabrics are singed, bleached, dyed, printed, and a special solution is applied depending on the purpose of the fabric, for example, a water-repellent solution for raincoat fabrics. All finishing is done on one side of the product. She will be the front one. When weaving, all knots are hidden on the wrong side when correcting broken threads. Therefore, all fabrics on the front side are brighter, smoother or, conversely, with a convex, embossed pattern, spectacular, elegant, with a more thorough finishing, clean surface. The front side will also feel different to the touch, being smoother and more pleasant, with a clearer, more embossed pattern.

What are the signs of the front and back sides of the fabric?

Crepe satin

It should be noted right away that there are single-sided and double-sided fabrics. For single-sided fabrics, the front and back sides are very different. The two sides differ little or not at all. They may differ greatly, but both sides are used equally. For example, such fabrics include crepe satin and spandex, both sides of which are noble and are used as companion fabrics.

The simplest ones to determine the front and back sides of the fabric:

front side by color brightness

1. With printed pattern. That is, the first sign is the brightness of the printed pattern. Where the side is brighter, the front is also there.

2. With a woven pattern: jacquard fabrics, guipure with a cord (thick twisted) thread laid along the top (or convexity of the pattern due to the leno effect). On these fabrics, the pattern on the front side will be clearer and more convex. The fabrics can combine both a printed pattern and a jacquard pattern at the same time.

atlas. front side and back

3. Third sign: weaving weaves such as satin and satin. These two weaves on the front side have a rib at different angles, a smoother and shiny surface, and a beautiful appearance. On the reverse side, these fabrics are different; they are more similar to plain weave fabrics.

diagonal. front and back

The twill weave has a pronounced diagonal rib on both sides (45º angle). Only on the front side this scar goes from left to bottom to right. From the inside out it’s the other way around. And if you look closely, from the inside the scar is still less convex. Twill weave is usually used to produce classic lining fabrics. The main feature of the front surface of such fabric is a silk shiny surface. On the inside there will be a cotton thread - rough and matte.

trouser fabric. face inside out

The second and third points can be combined, since these characteristics relate to the types of weaving.

4. The fourth sign is finishing the fabric with sequins, metallic lurex thread, embossing, leather-like coating, embroidery on the fabric (sewing). In fabrics made from mixed raw materials, the more expensive type of raw material is on the front side. In all cases, the front side will be superior in beauty to the back side. The embroidery threads lie evenly, without knots, and the stitch completely covers the design.

5. In pile fabrics, the pile is not always on the front side. Bumazea, for example, has a pile on the reverse side. But paper paper usually has a printed pattern and a beautiful smooth surface on the front side. Velor, velvet, and corduroy are beautiful precisely from the pile side, so it is difficult to make a mistake in identifying the front side. But plain flannels refer to two-sided fabrics - they are the same on both sides, as they have a plain weave, fibers on both sides and the same color.

drape face inside out

front and back. drape

Drapes on the front side have a smooth pile located in one direction, or a dense pattern without pile. On the reverse side, one-sided drapes may have a looser weave. But a two-sided drape may have a slightly less clear pattern on the reverse side or a less neat pile, which greatly complicates the determination of the front side. In the pictures we see two types of double-sided drapes. one of which has no pile at all, and the second has two different textures: on the one hand there is a dense “diagonal” pattern, on the other there is a dense pile.

cloth face inside out

The same applies to cloth: cloth, usually plain weave, is very tangled, which causes certain difficulties in solving the problem. In cloth, a colored thread is woven along the edge, which indicates the front side. To determine the front side, you need to run your fingers with force in different directions and from different sides, and look where the pile is less dense, of less quality - there is the wrong side.

7. If there are no above signs, then the front side can be identified by the quality of the fabric surface. That is, the front side, where the surface of the fabric does not have knots or fluff, is smoother (it seems to be pressed, polished). The presence of fluff applies only to natural fabrics. The definition on this basis, rather, refers to cotton and linen fabrics, plain-dyed and plain weave. To determine the presence of fibers or the brightness of the color, you need to bring the fabric to eye level and glance at the surface at the light. If you do not notice pronounced weaving defects, then these fabrics can be classified as double-sided.

It is very difficult to determine the front and back sides of fabrics - these are synthetic ones, since all the requirements for the fabric are set at the stage of thread formation - it has no defects. There are no fibers on the surface, no weaving knots, since the synthetic thread is already of a given length and does not break. The thread also acquires color at the “moment of birth.”

8. The last sign can be considered the determination of the front side by the edge, both by the quality of the edge and by the holes on the edge. On the front side the edge is of better quality. The holes are left when the fabric is pulled over calenders (needles on rollers) during the finishing process. But even here you can fail. It is generally accepted that the holes should have the convex side at the top, and the concave side on the back side, but as practice shows, this also happens the other way around.

determining the front side by edge

holes along the edge

9. Fabrics with rep weave can also cause difficulties. Reps can be made not only from cotton, but also from silk synthetic threads. Rep and crepe weave fabrics are double-sided. It is very rare in crepes that you can tell the difference between the front and back sides.

10. Double-sided fabrics also include tartan - variegated fabric.

11. If the fabric is wool, then the colored threads will look brighter on the front side. Woolen fabrics are rolled with the right sides facing inward.

On complex fabrics, before cutting, you need to mark the front side in several places, especially in interleaf lunges. This is usually done with chalk in the form of crosses. This is important not only so as not to mix up parts when stitching, but also for trimming hems, trims, flaps, and so on.

Generally speaking, the methods for determining the front and back sides can be presented in the following table:

table for determining the front and back sides

Well, and finally: how to distinguish the front side from the back side?

If you have tried all the visual methods, but doubts remain, do not forget about tactile sensations - the sensitivity of your fingers will never let you down.

Let me note that it also happens: you want to choose the wrong side - what was the wrong side for the authors of the fabric, seems to us, on the contrary, more attractive.

I will reassure you: if you were unable to confidently choose one of the sides as the front one, then no one except you will know about it, because everything is known by comparison.

If the article was useful, share it with friends, write comments and ask questions. I would be grateful for your likes. Subscribe to news and receive a book as a gift "Sewing machine for home use."

With love, Olga Zlobina

Section: materials science

Lesson 1 topic: "Receiving fabric. Determining the right side of the fabric"

Lesson type: developmental, combined, double.

Learn to identify the front and back sides of fabrics;
Learn to identify warp and weft threads, study the properties of threads;

Develop concepts about the process of obtaining fabrics;
Expand your understanding of the properties of linen and cotton fabrics;
Develop thinking abilities, the ability to analyze, compare;
Foster independence and creative activity.

Teaching methods: conversation, visual - illustrative, game, practical work.

Equipment and materials: textbook, notebook, collection of fabrics, ancient tools for the production of fabrics (spindle, spinning wheel), puppet theater, fabric samples, magnifying glasses, scissors, PVA glue.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment: students’ psychological mood for work, checking students’ readiness for the lesson, communicating the lesson’s topic and goals.

II. Checking homework. Updating knowledge.

Frontal survey on previously studied material, with elements of interactive communication.

1) What does the science of materials science study?

What is fiber?
What is called "textile fiber"?
What classes are fibers divided into based on their origin?
What types of natural fibers do you know?
Name the representatives of plant fibers?

III. Checking homework. In accordance with the homework, the class is divided into groups and the students must write fairy tales where the main characters have the properties of the “studied fibers”. Your works must be presented in a puppet theater. When preparing homework, research work is carried out related to the study of the properties of flax and cotton, so after presenting a fairy tale, it is advisable to ask the question:

What new have you learned about the properties of fabrics?

1. Studying new material. (conversation)

People have been using fabric since ancient times. Looking into history, you can trace the path of fabric.

Tell me, what was the first clothing of a person?

Basic terms and concepts

Fabric finishing, front and back sides of fabric

Questions and tasks

What is fabric finishing?
Why do you think fabric is finished?
Name the types of fabrics depending on their finishing.
What is the difference between gray fabric and bleached fabric?
What kind of fabric is called plain-dyed?
Why is finishing performed?
By what criteria are the sides in the fabric determined?

Laboratory work 3. Determination of the front and back sides of the fabric

Equipment: fabric samples (3-4), needle, pincushion, scissors, glue.

Work order

Examine fabric samples and determine their type based on the finishing method (see Fig. 38).
Find the front and back sides of each piece of fabric (see Fig. 40).
Cut the sample into 2 equal parts.
Present the completed work in the form of a table.

When purchasing fabric for sewing any product, before you start cutting, it is very important to accurately determine the back and front sides of the fabric. However, this does not always work out quite simply. The canvas may look exactly the same from all sides, but you can notice flaws in its appearance and understand that you started sewing from the inside out only when the product is ready.

How to determine the “face” of a fabric?

There is a tendency in textile factories to produce double-sided fabrics that are absolutely identical on both sides. They are usually called two-faced. This is quite convenient, because then there is no need to determine the wrong side before sewing the product. But this is the exception rather than the rule. If the material you choose is not of this type, then you need to remember seven simple basic rules that will tell you where the wrong side of the fabric is:

You can take a closer look at the fabric and roughly calculate its front part for yourself at the time of purchase. Carefully examine the roll and how the fabric you choose is rolled. Most fabrics, for example, silk and wool, are rolled with the right side inward to protect the “face” from damage, fading, and unnecessary defects. Cotton fabrics, on the contrary, are rolled with the inside out.
Having bought fabric with a printed pattern, the question of determining the wrong side will disappear almost immediately. By laying it out so that the back and face are visible, you will notice that the print on such a canvas will be much brighter and clearer on the side of the face. If you are still not sure, feel the fabric. On the front side it will be smooth, with even pile and a slight sheen. On the back it is slightly fleecy and dull.
Using the same principle, you can identify some fabrics on which patterns and designs are applied by piercing the fabric from the back to the face: from the front side, by running over the embossed pattern, you can feel slight irregularities and bulges.
In mixed fabrics, the reverse side looks less neat and upon closer examination you can see that it has much more roughness, barely noticeable knots, uneven weaves, thickened threads and other weaving defects. On the front side, the material has a glossy, shiny finish; exceptionally expensive threads and neat weaving are visible.
In satin and satin fabrics, due to the special weave on the front side, they are characteristically shiny, smooth, very soft and pleasant to the touch. On the reverse side, the product is a little rough, with visible hairiness, matte, and the color of the canvas, even without a pattern applied to it, is much duller.
By the edge of the fabric and by the punctures on it, you can also easily determine the front side of the material. During production, it is pierced with pins from the inside out, leaving characteristic marks on the finished canvas. So the face can be identified by the holes, which will be convex on one side and concave on the back. On the edge you can see colored threads that are missing from the inside.
It is also important to take a closer look at the presence of embroidery on the hem. In such places, the manufacturer puts the name of the company, the fabric, or a list of materials that make up the fabric. This embroidery is visible only from the front side of the fabric.

It’s not difficult to determine the wrong side, you just need to take a closer look at the details. In some cases, if you are dealing with plain fabrics without prints, this does not play such a big role. For the front side, you can take the one that seems to you to be of the highest quality. In the future, it is important not to get confused only when making product parts.

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